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Õ¾ÄÚËÑË÷

ÅäÖÃÄãµÄµÚһ̨e-mail·þÎñÆ÷

ÅäÖÃÄãµÄµÚһ̨e-mail·þÎñÆ÷(ʵÓÃʾ·¶)

×÷Õß Eric Jorn Seneca
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ÕâƪÎÄÕÂÊÇ°ïÄãÅäÖÃÄãµÄµÚһ̨e-mail·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¡£
Ëæ×Å»¥ÁªÍøµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬e-mailѸËٳɳ¤³ÉΪÖ÷ÒªµÄÍøÂçÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ¹¤¾ß¡£Ãæ¶Ô´óÁ¿ÒªÇóÄܹ»¿ìËÙ£¬Á®¼Û£¬ºÍ¸ß¿ÉÐÅÀµµÄe-mailÐèÇó£¬
ºÜ¶à¹«Ë¾ºÍ¸öÈ˶¼°ÑlinuxÌṩµÄ·þÎñ×÷ΪÂú×ãÕâЩÐèÇóµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£

sendmail×î³õÊÇ1979ÄêÓÉEric Allman±àд¶ø³É¡£ËüÆðÏÈÔËÐÐÔÚBSD 4.0ƽ̨ÉÏ¡£µ«Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò²»¹»Áé»î£¬Ã¿´Î±àÒëµÄʱºò¶¼ÐèÒª
ÖØÐÂÅäÖá£Ëæ×ÅTCPЭÒéºÍÆäËû·½ÃæµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ëü±¾ÉíµÄ²»Áé»îÐÔÒѾ­Ã÷ÏÔ²»ÄÜÂú×ãÈÕÒæÔö³¤µÄÐèÇó¡£Eric Allman¾ö¶¨ÖØбàдsendmail£¬
´Ó¶øµ®ÉúÁËÏÖÔÚµÄMTA±ê×¼¡£ÕâÊǶÔsendmailµÄ¼ò¶Ì½éÉÜ.ÎÒÃÇÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖ÷ÒªÊÇʾ·¶ÈçºÎÔÚһ̨ÐÂ×°µÄredhat 7.1ÉÏÓÃÅäÖÃsendmail8.11.2
·þÎñ,¹¹¼ÜÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷.

redhat7.1ĬÈÏ°²×°µÄʱ¼äÒѾ­°²×°ÁËsendmail 8.11·þÎñ.ÒòΪredhat°²×°Ê¹Óö¼·Ç³£µÄ¼òµ¥,ÎÒÃÇÕâÀï¾ÍºöÂÔ°²×°¹ý³Ì,Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ
Çë²éÔÄredhat CDÀïµÄÎĵµ.
ҪʹÄãµÄÐÂe-mail·þÎñÆ÷Õý³£¹¤×÷,±ØÐëÏȽâ¾öDNSÎÊÌâ.°ÑÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷µÄÖ÷»úÃûºÍipµØÖ·¼ÓÈëµ½DNSÖÐ,²¢ÓÃnslookupÀ´È·ÈÏ:
[root@testmail /root]# nslookup -sil testmail.blank.com
Server: 192.168.100.1
Address: 192.168.100.1#53

Name: testmail.blank.com
Address: 192.168.100.134

ͬÑùÄãÒ²ÒªÊÔһϷ´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎö,Õâ¸ö¶Ô·ÀÖ¹ÓʼþÑÓ³ÙÓкÜÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃ.ÏÖÔڴ󲿷ֵÄÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷¶¼ÊÇ°Ñ·´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎö×÷ΪÓʼþ´«ËÍʱ
ÈÏÖ¤µÄÒ»²¿·Ö.ËùÒÔÓõÄÄãipµØÖ·À´ÊÔһϷ´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎöÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·.
[root@testmail /root]# nslookup -sil 192.168.100.134
Server: 192.168.100.1
Address: 192.168.100.1#53

134.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = TESTMAIL.blank.com.

ÕýÈçÄãËù¿´µ½µÄ,DNS·þÎñ¹¤×÷Õý³£,½ÓÏÂÈ¥¾ÍÈÃÎÒÃǶ¯ÊÖÀ´ÅäÖÃsendmail·þÎñ.redhat 7.1 ĬÈÏ°²×°ÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔʹSMTP·þÎñÔÚ±¾»úÔËÐÐ.
ÄãÓÃnetstat -nl¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ËùÓкǫ́³ÌÐò¼àÌýµÄ¶Ë¿Ú,×¢ÒâÕâÒ»ÐÐ:127.0.0.1:25,Õâ¸ö±íʾsendmail·þÎñÒѾ­ÔÚ¼àÌý±¾»úµÄ25(SMTP)
¶Ë¿ÚÁË:
[root@testmail /root]# netstat -nl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:667 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1119 /dev/gpmctl
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1172 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100

µ«Õâ¸ö½ö½ö±íʾe-mail·þÎñÆ÷Ö»½ÓÊÕÄã±¾»úµÄÓʼþ.ΪÁ˽â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ,Äã±ØÐëÐÞ¸ÄÅäÖÃ,¸æËßsendmailÈ¥¼àÌýÄã¶ÔÍâµÄÍø¿¨µØÖ·.¼ÙÉèÄã
µÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏÖ»°²×°ÁËÒ»¿éÍø¿¨(eth0),²¢ÓÃifconfigÅäÖúÃÄãµÄipµØÖ·.Õâ¸öµØÖ·¿ÉÒÔºÍDNS½âÎöµÄµØÖ·²»Ò»Ñù,µ«ÄãÒª±£Ö¤DNS¿ÉÒÔÕýÈ·
µØ½âÎöÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷µÄµØÖ·.ÕâÀïÎÒÃÇʹÓõĵØÖ·ÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ(ÍƼö):
[root@testmail /root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:60:97:DE:E9:99
inet addr:192.168.100.134 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:12421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe000

lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Õą̂Ö÷»úµÄeth0µÄipµØÖ·ÊÇ192.168.100.134.ÏÖÔÚÐÞ¸Ä/etc/sendmail.cfÎļþÀ´ÅäÖÃsendmailµÄ¼àÌý¶Ë¿Ú:
# SMTP daemon options
O DaemonPortOptions=Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA
¸ü¸ÄΪ
O DaemonPortOptions=Port=smtp,Addr=192.168.100.134, Name=MTA

¸ÄÍêºó±£´æÍ˳ö,²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯sendmail·þÎñ:
[root@testmail /root]# /etc/init.d/sendmail restart
Shutting down sendmail: [ OK ]
Starting sendmail: [ OK ]
[root@testmail /root]#

ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔÓÃnetstat -nlÀ´²é¿´ÊDz»ÊÇÒѾ­¸ü¸ÄÁË.ÈçÄãËù¿´µ½µÄ,sendmailµÄ¼àÌý¶Ë¿ÚÏÖÔÚÊÇeth0µÄipµØÖ·:192.168.100.134ÁË.
[root@testmail /root]# netstat -nl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.100.134:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:667 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1119 /dev/gpmctl
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1172 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100
[root@testmail /root]#
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

ÏÖÔÚsendmailÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×ÔÍⲿµÄÁ¬½ÓÁË.ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèÒªÉ趨sendmailÔÊÐí½ÓÊÕµÄÓòÃû.Õâ¸ö¿ÉÒÔÔÚ/etc/mail/local-host-names
ÎļþÖÐÉ趨.¾Í°ÑÓòÃûÊäÈë½øÈ¥¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË:
# local-host-names - include all aliases for your machine here.
blank.com

±£´æÍ˳öºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯sendmail·þÎñ:/etc/init.d/sendmail restart .ÕâÑùsendmail¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×Ô¶à¸öÓòµÄÐżþÁË.
Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÔÙÔö¼ÓеÄÓò,Ö»ÓÐÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎļþ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË.

ÏÖÔÚµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷ÔÚ±¾»úÉÏÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔÍêÈ«Õý³£µÄ¹¤×÷.ËüÒѾ­¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×ÔÈκεط½µÄÐżþ(ÔÊÐíµÄÓò),µ«Èç¹ûÏëÒª·¢Ëͺʹ«µÝÓÊ
¼þ,Ôò±ØÐëÔÚÕą̂µçÄÔÉÏÖ´ÐÐ.Èç¹ûÄãµÄÓû§¶¼Ö±½ÓµÇ¼µ½ÄãµÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏÀ´·¢ËÍÓʼþ,Ôò²»ÐèÒª¸ü¸ÄÈκÎÅäÖÃ,Èç¹ûÄãÏ£Íû´ó²¿·Ö»òÕßËùÓÐ
µÄÓû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚÔ¶³ÌÖ÷»úÉÏʹÓøÃe-mail·þÎñÆ÷,ÀýÈçÀûÓÃKMailºÍOutlook ExpressµÈ¿Í»§¶Ë¹¤¾ß,ÔòÄã±ØÐë¸ü¸ÄÅäÖÃÀ´ÔÊÐíÕâЩÖ÷»úʹ
ÓÃÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷.ÄãÐèÒªÔÚ/etc/mail/accessÎļþÖмÓÈëÏÂÃæÒ»ÐÐ,±£´æºóÔËÐÐmake access.db µÄÃüÁîÀ´Éú³Éaccess.dbÎļþ.

blank.com RELAY

¸ÄÍêºóµÄaccessÎļþÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÕâÑùµÄ:

# Check the /usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.11.2/README.cf file for a
description
# of the format of this file. (search for access_db in that file)
# The /usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.11.2/README.cf is part of the
sendmail-doc
# package.
#
# by default we allow relaying from localhost...
localhost.localdomain RELAY
localhost RELAY
127.0.0.1 RELAY
blank.com RELAY

È»ºóÔËÐÐ:

[root@testmail mail]# make access.db
[root@testmail mail]#

Õâ¸ömake access.dbÃüÁî°ÑÄãµÄеÄÉ趨Ìí¼Óµ½sendmailµÄhashÊý¾Ý¿âÀï.sendmailÓÃËüÀ´ÅжÏÔÊÐíÄÇЩÖ÷»úͨ¹ýÄãµÄe-mail·þ
ÎñÆ÷À´´«µÝÓʼþ.¶øÇÒÕâÑù»¹¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉ趨×ÓÍø(ÀýÈç:192.168)À´ÏÞÖƸÃÓò.µ«ÄãҪעÒâ,ÕâÑùÉ趨¾Í¶ÔÍ⿪·ÅÁË,¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÈË·¢´óÁ¿µÄÀ¬»ø
ÐżþÀ´¹¥»÷ÄãµÄϵͳ.

ÏÖÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔÊÕµ½ËùÓÐÀ´×ÔÍⲿµÄÓʼþ.²¢ÇÒÔÊÐíÐÅÀµµÄ¿Í»§ÔÚÔ¶³Ì´«µÝÐżþ.½ÓÏÂÈ¥ÄãÏëÒª×öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈçºÎÔÚÔ¶³ÌÊÕÈ¡ÕâЩÐżþ.Òª´ïµ½
Õâ¸öÄ¿µÄ,ÄãÐèÒª°²×°IMAP »òÕß POP. redhat 7.1 ĬÈÏ°²×°µÄʱºò²¢Ã»Óа²×°POP/IMAP,ËùÒÔÄãÐèÒª°²×°imap-2000-9 rpm°ü.
Òª²é¿´Õâ¸ö°üµÄ°²×°×´Ì¬,¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî:rpm -aq | grep -i imap.Èç¹û·¢ÏÖûÓа²×°,ÄǾͰÑredhat 7.1µÚ¶þÕÅ°²×°¹âÅÌ
·Åµ½¹âÇýÀï.È»ºóÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁî:
[root@testmail mail]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
(Successful Mount of Read-Only Media)

mountÉϹâÅ̺óÔËÐÐÕâ¸öÃüÁîÀ´°²×°Õâ¸ö°ü:rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/imap-2000-9.i386.rpm.

[root@testmail mail]# rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/imap-2000-9.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:imap ########################################### [100%]

ÔÙÔËÐÐÒ»´Î rpm -aq | grep -i imap
IMAP °ü¾ÍÂÞÁгöÀ´ÁË.

[root@testmail mail]# rpm -aq | grep -i imap
imap-2000-9
[root@testmail mail]#

µ±ÕýÈ·µÄ°ü±»°²×°ºóÄãÒª´ò¿ªPOP3µÄÁ¬½Ó¶Ë¿Ú,ÕâÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä/etc/xinetd.d/ÏÂÃæµÄipop3Îļþ,°ÑdisableµÄÖµ¸Ä³Éno.Õâ¸öÎļþ
´óÖÂÊÇÕâÑùµÄ:
# default: off
# description: The POP3 service allows remote users to access their mail

# using an POP3 client such as Netscape Communicator, mutt,

# or fetchmail.
service pop3
{
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/ipop3d
log_on_success += USERID
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
}


½ÓÏÂÈ¥ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯xinetdÀ´ÊÇËüÉúЧ:
[root@testmail xinetd.d]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
[root@testmail xinetd.d]#

ÏÖÔھͿÉÒÔ·¢ËÍÒ»·â²âÊÔÓʼþµ½ÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷,²¢ÇÒÓÃÄãÊìϤµÄÊÕÐŹ¤¾ßÀ´ÊÕÈ¡Õâ·âÐÅ.Ó¦¸ÃÊÇûÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ.

ÏÂÃæÓÅ»¯Ò»Ï·þÎñÆ÷µÄÐÔÄÜ.»òÐíÄã»áÊÕµ½ÕâÑùµÄ±§Ô¹,˵Êǵ±¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÐòÔËÐÐÔÚ·À»ðǽºóÃæµÄ»°»á·¢ÉúÁ¬½Ópop¶Ë¿ÚËٶȱäÂý.
Ôì³ÉÕâ¸öÑÓʱµÄÔ­ÒòÊÇÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷³õʼһ¸öIDENT»á»°À´È·ÈÏ¿Í»§¶ËµÄÉí·Ý.Èç¹ûÕâ¸öѯÎÊûÓз´Ó¦,ÄÇ·þÎñÆ÷¾Í»áÔÚ5Ãëºó·¢³ö
Ò»¸ö³¬Ê±ÐźÅ.Õâ¸öÖµ¿ÉÒÔ½µµÍµ½1Ãë,´Ó¶ø¼õÉÙIDENT²úÉúÓ°Ïì.ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/sendmail.cfÎļþ,°ÑtimeoutµÄÖµ¸Ä³ÉÄãÏëÒªµÄÖµ.

# timeouts (many of these)

#O Timeout.ident=5s

change to

O Timeout.ident=1s

ÏÖÔÚÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔ¸øÄãµÄÓû§Ìṩ·þÎñÁË.µ±È»»¹Óиü¶àµÄÅäÖÿÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ìá¸ß·þÎñÆ÷ÐÔÄÜ,ÔÚÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖоͲ»¶àÌáÁË.
Linux½«»áΪÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÌṩһ¸öÎȶ¨µÄ,¸ßЧµÄƽ̨.Èç¹ûÏëÁ˽â¸ü¶àµÄ¹ØÓÚsendmailµÄ֪ʶ,Çë·ÃÎÊwww.sendmail.org.





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