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sendmail×î³õÊÇ1979ÄêÓÉEric Allman±àд¶ø³É¡£ËüÆðÏÈÔËÐÐÔÚBSD 4.0ƽ̨ÉÏ¡£µ«Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò²»¹»Áé»î£¬Ã¿´Î±àÒëµÄʱºò¶¼ÐèÒª ÖØÐÂÅäÖá£Ëæ×ÅTCPÐÒéºÍÆäËû·½ÃæµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ëü±¾ÉíµÄ²»Áé»îÐÔÒѾÃ÷ÏÔ²»ÄÜÂú×ãÈÕÒæÔö³¤µÄÐèÇó¡£Eric Allman¾ö¶¨ÖØбàдsendmail£¬ ´Ó¶øµ®ÉúÁËÏÖÔÚµÄMTA±ê×¼¡£ÕâÊǶÔsendmailµÄ¼ò¶Ì½éÉÜ.ÎÒÃÇÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖ÷ÒªÊÇʾ·¶ÈçºÎÔÚһ̨ÐÂ×°µÄredhat 7.1ÉÏÓÃÅäÖÃsendmail8.11.2 ·þÎñ,¹¹¼ÜÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷.
redhat7.1ĬÈÏ°²×°µÄʱ¼äÒѾ°²×°ÁËsendmail 8.11·þÎñ.ÒòΪredhat°²×°Ê¹Óö¼·Ç³£µÄ¼òµ¥,ÎÒÃÇÕâÀï¾ÍºöÂÔ°²×°¹ý³Ì,Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ Çë²éÔÄredhat CDÀïµÄÎĵµ. ҪʹÄãµÄÐÂe-mail·þÎñÆ÷Õý³£¹¤×÷,±ØÐëÏȽâ¾öDNSÎÊÌâ.°ÑÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷µÄÖ÷»úÃûºÍipµØÖ·¼ÓÈëµ½DNSÖÐ,²¢ÓÃnslookupÀ´È·ÈÏ: [root@testmail /root]# nslookup -sil testmail.blank.com Server: 192.168.100.1 Address: 192.168.100.1#53
Name: testmail.blank.com Address: 192.168.100.134
ͬÑùÄãÒ²ÒªÊÔһϷ´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎö,Õâ¸ö¶Ô·ÀÖ¹ÓʼþÑÓ³ÙÓкÜÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃ.ÏÖÔڴ󲿷ֵÄÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷¶¼ÊÇ°Ñ·´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎö×÷ΪÓʼþ´«ËÍʱ ÈÏÖ¤µÄÒ»²¿·Ö.ËùÒÔÓõÄÄãipµØÖ·À´ÊÔһϷ´ÏòÓòÃû½âÎöÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·. [root@testmail /root]# nslookup -sil 192.168.100.134 Server: 192.168.100.1 Address: 192.168.100.1#53
134.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = TESTMAIL.blank.com.
ÕýÈçÄãËù¿´µ½µÄ,DNS·þÎñ¹¤×÷Õý³£,½ÓÏÂÈ¥¾ÍÈÃÎÒÃǶ¯ÊÖÀ´ÅäÖÃsendmail·þÎñ.redhat 7.1 ĬÈÏ°²×°ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔʹSMTP·þÎñÔÚ±¾»úÔËÐÐ. ÄãÓÃnetstat -nl¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ËùÓкǫ́³ÌÐò¼àÌýµÄ¶Ë¿Ú,×¢ÒâÕâÒ»ÐÐ:127.0.0.1:25,Õâ¸ö±íʾsendmail·þÎñÒѾÔÚ¼àÌý±¾»úµÄ25(SMTP) ¶Ë¿ÚÁË: [root@testmail /root]# netstat -nl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:667 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1119 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1172 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100
µ«Õâ¸ö½ö½ö±íʾe-mail·þÎñÆ÷Ö»½ÓÊÕÄã±¾»úµÄÓʼþ.ΪÁ˽â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ,Äã±ØÐëÐÞ¸ÄÅäÖÃ,¸æËßsendmailÈ¥¼àÌýÄã¶ÔÍâµÄÍø¿¨µØÖ·.¼ÙÉèÄ㠵ķþÎñÆ÷ÉÏÖ»°²×°ÁËÒ»¿éÍø¿¨(eth0),²¢ÓÃifconfigÅäÖúÃÄãµÄipµØÖ·.Õâ¸öµØÖ·¿ÉÒÔºÍDNS½âÎöµÄµØÖ·²»Ò»Ñù,µ«ÄãÒª±£Ö¤DNS¿ÉÒÔÕýÈ· µØ½âÎöÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷µÄµØÖ·.ÕâÀïÎÒÃÇʹÓõĵØÖ·ÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ(ÍƼö): [root@testmail /root]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:60:97:DE:E9:99 inet addr:192.168.100.134 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 Interrupt:10 Base address:0xe000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Õą̂Ö÷»úµÄeth0µÄipµØÖ·ÊÇ192.168.100.134.ÏÖÔÚÐÞ¸Ä/etc/sendmail.cfÎļþÀ´ÅäÖÃsendmailµÄ¼àÌý¶Ë¿Ú: # SMTP daemon options O DaemonPortOptions=Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA ¸ü¸ÄΪ O DaemonPortOptions=Port=smtp,Addr=192.168.100.134, Name=MTA
¸ÄÍêºó±£´æÍ˳ö,²¢ÇÒÖØÐÂÆô¶¯sendmail·þÎñ: [root@testmail /root]# /etc/init.d/sendmail restart Shutting down sendmail: [ OK ] Starting sendmail: [ OK ] [root@testmail /root]#
ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔÓÃnetstat -nlÀ´²é¿´ÊDz»ÊÇÒѾ¸ü¸ÄÁË.ÈçÄãËù¿´µ½µÄ,sendmailµÄ¼àÌý¶Ë¿ÚÏÖÔÚÊÇeth0µÄipµØÖ·:192.168.100.134ÁË. [root@testmail /root]# netstat -nl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.100.134:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:667 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1119 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1172 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 [root@testmail /root]# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ÏÖÔÚsendmailÒѾ¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×ÔÍⲿµÄÁ¬½ÓÁË.ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèÒªÉ趨sendmailÔÊÐí½ÓÊÕµÄÓòÃû.Õâ¸ö¿ÉÒÔÔÚ/etc/mail/local-host-names ÎļþÖÐÉ趨.¾Í°ÑÓòÃûÊäÈë½øÈ¥¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË: # local-host-names - include all aliases for your machine here. blank.com
±£´æÍ˳öºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯sendmail·þÎñ:/etc/init.d/sendmail restart .ÕâÑùsendmail¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×Ô¶à¸öÓòµÄÐżþÁË. Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÔÙÔö¼ÓеÄÓò,Ö»ÓÐÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎļþ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË.
ÏÖÔÚµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷ÔÚ±¾»úÉÏÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÍêÈ«Õý³£µÄ¹¤×÷.ËüÒѾ¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕÀ´×ÔÈκεط½µÄÐżþ(ÔÊÐíµÄÓò),µ«Èç¹ûÏëÒª·¢Ëͺʹ«µÝÓÊ ¼þ,Ôò±ØÐëÔÚÕą̂µçÄÔÉÏÖ´ÐÐ.Èç¹ûÄãµÄÓû§¶¼Ö±½ÓµÇ¼µ½ÄãµÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏÀ´·¢ËÍÓʼþ,Ôò²»ÐèÒª¸ü¸ÄÈκÎÅäÖÃ,Èç¹ûÄãÏ£Íû´ó²¿·Ö»òÕßËùÓÐ µÄÓû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚÔ¶³ÌÖ÷»úÉÏʹÓøÃe-mail·þÎñÆ÷,ÀýÈçÀûÓÃKMailºÍOutlook ExpressµÈ¿Í»§¶Ë¹¤¾ß,ÔòÄã±ØÐë¸ü¸ÄÅäÖÃÀ´ÔÊÐíÕâЩÖ÷»úʹ ÓÃÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷.ÄãÐèÒªÔÚ/etc/mail/accessÎļþÖмÓÈëÏÂÃæÒ»ÐÐ,±£´æºóÔËÐÐmake access.db µÄÃüÁîÀ´Éú³Éaccess.dbÎļþ.
blank.com RELAY
¸ÄÍêºóµÄaccessÎļþÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÕâÑùµÄ:
# Check the /usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.11.2/README.cf file for a description # of the format of this file. (search for access_db in that file) # The /usr/share/doc/sendmail-8.11.2/README.cf is part of the sendmail-doc # package. # # by default we allow relaying from localhost... localhost.localdomain RELAY localhost RELAY 127.0.0.1 RELAY blank.com RELAY
È»ºóÔËÐÐ:
[root@testmail mail]# make access.db [root@testmail mail]#
Õâ¸ömake access.dbÃüÁî°ÑÄãµÄеÄÉ趨Ìí¼Óµ½sendmailµÄhashÊý¾Ý¿âÀï.sendmailÓÃËüÀ´ÅжÏÔÊÐíÄÇЩÖ÷»úͨ¹ýÄãµÄe-mail·þ ÎñÆ÷À´´«µÝÓʼþ.¶øÇÒÕâÑù»¹¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉ趨×ÓÍø(ÀýÈç:192.168)À´ÏÞÖƸÃÓò.µ«ÄãҪעÒâ,ÕâÑùÉ趨¾Í¶ÔÍ⿪·ÅÁË,¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÈË·¢´óÁ¿µÄÀ¬»ø ÐżþÀ´¹¥»÷ÄãµÄϵͳ.
ÏÖÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔÊÕµ½ËùÓÐÀ´×ÔÍⲿµÄÓʼþ.²¢ÇÒÔÊÐíÐÅÀµµÄ¿Í»§ÔÚÔ¶³Ì´«µÝÐżþ.½ÓÏÂÈ¥ÄãÏëÒª×öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈçºÎÔÚÔ¶³ÌÊÕÈ¡ÕâЩÐżþ.Òª´ïµ½ Õâ¸öÄ¿µÄ,ÄãÐèÒª°²×°IMAP »òÕß POP. redhat 7.1 ĬÈÏ°²×°µÄʱºò²¢Ã»Óа²×°POP/IMAP,ËùÒÔÄãÐèÒª°²×°imap-2000-9 rpm°ü. Òª²é¿´Õâ¸ö°üµÄ°²×°×´Ì¬,¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî:rpm -aq | grep -i imap.Èç¹û·¢ÏÖûÓа²×°,ÄǾͰÑredhat 7.1µÚ¶þÕÅ°²×°¹âÅÌ ·Åµ½¹âÇýÀï.È»ºóÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁî: [root@testmail mail]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only (Successful Mount of Read-Only Media)
mountÉϹâÅ̺óÔËÐÐÕâ¸öÃüÁîÀ´°²×°Õâ¸ö°ü:rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/imap-2000-9.i386.rpm.
[root@testmail mail]# rpm -Uvh /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/imap-2000-9.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:imap ########################################### [100%]
ÔÙÔËÐÐÒ»´Î rpm -aq | grep -i imap IMAP °ü¾ÍÂÞÁгöÀ´ÁË.
[root@testmail mail]# rpm -aq | grep -i imap imap-2000-9 [root@testmail mail]#
µ±ÕýÈ·µÄ°ü±»°²×°ºóÄãÒª´ò¿ªPOP3µÄÁ¬½Ó¶Ë¿Ú,ÕâÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä/etc/xinetd.d/ÏÂÃæµÄipop3Îļþ,°ÑdisableµÄÖµ¸Ä³Éno.Õâ¸öÎļþ ´óÖÂÊÇÕâÑùµÄ: # default: off # description: The POP3 service allows remote users to access their mail
# using an POP3 client such as Netscape Communicator, mutt,
# or fetchmail. service pop3 { socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/sbin/ipop3d log_on_success += USERID log_on_failure += USERID disable = no }
½ÓÏÂÈ¥ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯xinetdÀ´ÊÇËüÉúЧ: [root@testmail xinetd.d]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [ OK ] Starting xinetd: [ OK ] [root@testmail xinetd.d]#
ÏÖÔھͿÉÒÔ·¢ËÍÒ»·â²âÊÔÓʼþµ½ÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷,²¢ÇÒÓÃÄãÊìϤµÄÊÕÐŹ¤¾ßÀ´ÊÕÈ¡Õâ·âÐÅ.Ó¦¸ÃÊÇûÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ.
ÏÂÃæÓÅ»¯Ò»Ï·þÎñÆ÷µÄÐÔÄÜ.»òÐíÄã»áÊÕµ½ÕâÑùµÄ±§Ô¹,˵Êǵ±¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÐòÔËÐÐÔÚ·À»ðǽºóÃæµÄ»°»á·¢ÉúÁ¬½Ópop¶Ë¿ÚËٶȱäÂý. Ôì³ÉÕâ¸öÑÓʱµÄÔÒòÊÇÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷³õʼһ¸öIDENT»á»°À´È·ÈÏ¿Í»§¶ËµÄÉí·Ý.Èç¹ûÕâ¸öѯÎÊûÓз´Ó¦,ÄÇ·þÎñÆ÷¾Í»áÔÚ5Ãëºó·¢³ö Ò»¸ö³¬Ê±ÐźÅ.Õâ¸öÖµ¿ÉÒÔ½µµÍµ½1Ãë,´Ó¶ø¼õÉÙIDENT²úÉúÓ°Ïì.ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/sendmail.cfÎļþ,°ÑtimeoutµÄÖµ¸Ä³ÉÄãÏëÒªµÄÖµ.
# timeouts (many of these)
#O Timeout.ident=5s
change to
O Timeout.ident=1s
ÏÖÔÚÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔ¸øÄãµÄÓû§Ìṩ·þÎñÁË.µ±È»»¹Óиü¶àµÄÅäÖÿÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ìá¸ß·þÎñÆ÷ÐÔÄÜ,ÔÚÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖоͲ»¶àÌáÁË. Linux½«»áΪÄãµÄe-mail·þÎñÌṩһ¸öÎȶ¨µÄ,¸ßЧµÄƽ̨.Èç¹ûÏëÁ˽â¸ü¶àµÄ¹ØÓÚsendmailµÄ֪ʶ,Çë·ÃÎÊwww.sendmail.org.
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