2Jeffrey C.Goldfarb ,The Cynical Society (Chicago :The University of Chicago Press ,1991),152.
3;4;13Donald R.Dudley,A History of Cynicism:From Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D.(London:Methuen,1937), x;104-106;153.
5;14Timothy Bewes ,Cynicism and Postmodernism (London:Verso ,1997),2;
8.6Claude Lefort,The Political Forms of Modern Society :Bureaucracy, Democracy,Totalitarianism (Cambridge , Mass.:MIT Press,1986),216.
7Paul Roazen,“Orwell,Freud,and 1984” ,in George Orwell ‘s 1984,ed.Harold Bloom (New York:Chelsea House,1987), 33.8V álav Havel ,Válav Havel :Living in Truth (London:Faber and Faber , 1987),44-45.此处借用了徐友渔的译文,特此致谢。
9;10Jeffrey C.Goldfarb ,Beyond Glasnost: The Post-Totalitarian Mind (Chicago : The University of Chicago Press,1989) ,48;216.11Max Weber ,“Politics as a Vocation”,in From Max Weber , trans.and ed.H.H.Gerth and C.Wright Mills (London:Routledge,1948), 78.12;18James C.Scott,Domination and the Arts of Resistance (New Haven :Yale University Press ,1990),53;157.