发信人: sunzx()
整理人: jeter(2000-02-14 00:13:31), 站内信件
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【 在 2032 (天外飞仙) 的大作中提到: 】
: 关于夸克胶子浆
:
: 假新闻就是假新闻，BBC、CNN、新华社等新闻机构的报道可信性程度
: 极低，你要看看这些机构都是为谁而服务的？附带有什么政治目的？还有
: .......
这不是假新闻（可以说这并不是新闻），而是CERN的严谨的科学公报！你知道CE
RN是什么吗？是“欧洲粒子物理研究所”的法文缩写！如果你不信，可以到他们
的网址上去看看！
http://www.cern.ch/Press/Releases00/01-QuarkGluonMatter.en.html
这是二十多个国家（Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, G
reece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Armenia, China, Croatia, India, Israel, Japan
, Romania, Slovakia, USA.）联合发布的！
附原文（不要对我说你看不懂！）：
New State of Matter created at CERN
At a special seminar on 10 February, spokespersons from the experiment
s on CERN* 's Heavy Ion programme presented compelling evidence for th
e existence of a new state of matter in which quarks, instead of being
bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, ar
e liberated to roam freely.
Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microsec
onds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it
today, but until now it had not been confirmed experimentally. Our und
erstanding of how the universe was created, which was previously unver
ified theory for any point in time before the formation of ordinary at
omic nuclei, about three minutes after the Big Bang, has with these re
sults now been experimentally tested back to a point only a few micros
econds after the Big Bang.
Professor Luciano Maiani, CERN Director General, said "The combined da
ta coming from the seven experiments on CERN's Heavy Ion programme hav
e given a clear picture of a new state of matter. This result verifies
an important prediction of the present theory of fundemental forces b
etween quarks. It is also an important step forward in the understandi
ng of the early evolution of the universe. We now have evidence of a n
ew state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined. There is
still an entirely new territory to be explored concerning the physical
properties of quark-gluon matter. The challenge now passes to the Rel
ativistic Heavy Ion Collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and
later to CERN's Large Hadron Collider."
The aim of CERN's Heavy Ion programme was to collide lead ions so as t
o create immensely high energy densities which would break down the fo
rces which confined quarks inside more complex particles. A very high
energy beam of lead ions (33 TeV) was accelerated in CERN's Super Prot
on Synchrotron (SPS) and crashed into targets inside the seven differe
nt experimental detectors. The collisions created temperatures over 10
0 000 times as hot as the centre of the sun, and energy densities twen
ty times that of ordinary nuclear matter, densities which have never b
efore been reached in laboratory experiments. The collected data from
the experiments gives compelling evidence that a new state of matter h
as been created. This state of matter found in heavy ion collisions at
the SPS features many of the characteristics of the theoretically pre
dicted quark-gluon plasma, the primordial soup in which quarks and glu
ons existed before they clumped together as the universe cooled down.
The lead beam programme started in 1994, after the CERN accelerators h
as been upgraded by a collaboration between CERN and institutes in the
Czech Republic, France, India, Italy, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland
. A new lead ion source was linked to pre-existing, interconnected acc
elerators, at CERN, the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the SPS. The seven
large experiments involved measured different aspects of lead-lead an
d lead-gold collisions. They were named NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52,
WA97 / NA57 and WA98. Some of these experiments use multipurpose detec
tors to measure and correlate several of the more abundant observable
phenomena. Others are dedicated experiments to detect rare signatures
with high statistics. This co-ordinated effort using several complemen
ting experiments has proven very successful.
The project is an excellent example of collaboration in physics resear
ch. Scientists from institutes in over twenty countries** have partici
pated in the experiments. The programme has also allowed a productive
partnership to develop between high energy physicists and nuclear phys
icists. More importantly, this step forward has been made possible by
the collaboration between the individual experiments. The picture of q
uark-gluon plasma resembles a jigsaw puzzle, with many pieces provided
by the different experiments. The data from any one experiment is not
enough to give the full picture but the combined results from all exp
eriments agree and fit. Whereas all attempts to explain them using est
ablished particle interactions have failed, many of the observations a
re consistent with the predicted signatures of a quark-gluon plasma.
The results from CERN present strong incentive for the future planned
experiments. While all of the pieces of the puzzle seem to fit with a
quark-gluon plasma explanation, it is essential to study this newly pr
oduced matter at higher and lower temperature in order to fully charac
terize its properties and definitively confirm the quark gluon plasma
interpretation. The focus of heavy ion research now moves to the Relat
ivistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laborator
y in the United States, which will start experiments this year. In 200
5 CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experimental programme will inclu
de a dedicated heavy ion experiment, ALICE.
!! MORE INFORMATION ON QUARK GLUON MATTER !!
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
* CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, has its headqu
arters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greec
e, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sp
ain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Israel, Japan, the
Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European
Commission and Unesco have observer status.
** Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzer
land, UK, Armenia, China, Croatia, India, Israel, Japan, Romania, Slov
akia, USA.
--
Programmers of all lands,
UNITE!
--
程序设计狂人！
EMail: [email protected]
Homepahe:http://nstudio.126.com
※ 来源:．月光软件站 http://www.moon-soft.com．[FROM: 202.102.152.16]
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