发信人: meipeng(原来)
整理人: roy_young(2003-01-15 11:12:15), 站内信件
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Right in principle
Yet Marxist thinking retains great influence far beyond the dwindling number who proclaim themselves to be Marxists. The labour theory of value and the rest of Marx's economic apparatus may be so much intellectual scrap, but many of his assumptions, analytical traits and habits of thought are widespread in western academia and beyond（1）
（1） retain vt.保持, 保留 dwindle v.缩小 apparatus n.器械, 设备, 仪器 scrap adj.零碎的, 废弃的 analytical adj.分析的, 解析的 academia n.学术界, 学术环境 马克思的影响力不仅仅表现在现在声称自己是马克思主义者的人数上。
The core idea that economic structure determines everything has been especially pernicious. According to this view, the right to private property, for instance, exists only because it serves bourgeois relations of production. The same can be said for every other right or civil liberty one finds in society. The idea that such rights have a deeper moral underpinning is an illusion. Morality itself is an illusion, just another weapon of the ruling class. (As Gyorgy Lukacs put it, “Communist ethics makes it the highest duty to act wickedly...This is the greatest sacrifice revolution asks from us.”) Human agency is null: we are mere dupes of “the system”, until we repudiate it outright. （2）
（2）core idea 核心观点 pernicious adj.有害的 bourgeois n.中产阶级, 商人, 资产阶级 underpinning n.基础, 支柱, 支撑 illusion n.幻想 ethics n.偶尔, 道德规范 agency n.代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介 dupe n.易受骗的人, 易受愚弄的人vt.欺骗, 愚弄 repudiate v.批判 马克思的经济结构中的核心观点决定了他对现代社会的解读
What goes for ethics also goes for history, literature, the rest of the humanities and the social sciences. The “late Marxist” sees them all, as traditionally understood, not as subjects for disinterested intellectual inquiry but as forms of social control. Never ask what a painter, playwright, architect or philosopher thought he was doing. You know before you even glance at his work what he was really doing: shoring up the ruling class. This mindset has made deep inroads—most notoriously in literary studies, but not just there—in university departments and on campuses across Western Europe and especially in the United States. The result is a withering away not of the state but of opportunities for intelligent conversation and of confidence that young people might receive a decent liberal education. （3）
（3）What goes for ethics also goes for history, literature, the rest of the humanities and the social sciences.是过渡句子，从上个段落对ethics的看法转到对其他社会文化的看法。disinterested adj.无私的 inquiry n.质询, 调查 playwright n.剧作家 shore up v.支持 inroad n.袭击 withering adj.使干枯的, 摧毁的, 进行干燥处理的 文段主要是对马克思关于文化等方面的看法，马克思对所有的文学艺术方面的工作的唯一评价是支持统治阶级，而忽略了本身的创造性，这样的分析十分的枯燥无味。
Marxist thinking is also deeply Utopian—another influential trait. The “Communist Manifesto”, despite the title, was not a programme for government: it was a programme for gaining power, or rather for watching knowledgeably as power fell into one's hands. That is, it was a commentary on the defects and dynamics of capitalism. Nowhere in the “Manifesto”, or anywhere else in his writings, did Marx take the trouble to describe how the communism he predicted and advocated would actually work.（4）
（4）Utopian adj.乌托邦的, 理想化的 knowledgeably adv.聪明地,有知识地 defect n.过失, 缺点 dynamics n.动力学 advocate vt.提倡, 鼓吹 马克思提倡的共产主义是建立在他对资本主义缺点的看法上的，他自己实质上并没有对其具体运作过程有任何的实际的勾画。
TO BE CONTINUED~~~~~~~~
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其实毕答哥拉斯定理是费马猜想的源头之一，地心说被证明是错的所以才称为科学，牛顿的伟大之处是发明了被爱因斯坦推翻的三定律，以上有部分是波普的证伪主义理论，根据该理论，我走了可以说明我还和你在一起。所以，886
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