发信人: rhuang()
整理人: wwwyyyxxx(1999-11-12 12:44:13), 站内信件
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/ is your ``root'' directory, not to be confused with the /root d
irectory, which is the home directory of the user ``root''.
All other directories are sub-directories to /.
Like an upside down tree, ``root''(/), sits at the top and everyt
hing branches outward from it. The root directory doesn't
need to be very big, 32-50 Meg. is sufficient. It just needs to h
ave enough room to hold the kernel and various system
configuration files.
/etc
The /etc directory contains all of your system configuration file
s. You should not need to mount a partition here, nor do
you want to. In the event that you are unable to boot properly, y
ou would have trouble accessing your configuration
files.
/usr
The bulk of the system is contained in the /usr, or UNIX System R
esources directory. Depending on your systems
intended use and available disk space, you should reserve at leas
t 100M for the /usr directory. Usually you would
allocate the most disk space for this partition.
Swap Space
You must create at least one swap partition. You can have several
swap partitions, and it is best to spread them out
over all your disks. You don't need to specify a mount point, bec
ause the swap partitions are not accessible from the
filesystem. Your swap partitions should total at least twice the
size of the amount of RAM memory you have installed in
your machine.
Note:
A swap partition must not occupy the first sector of a disk.
You must put a filesystem partition on it first. It is
good to have one swap partition per disk.
/var
The /var directory holds various system logs and databases. It al
so holds a lot of transient files, such as queued e-mail
and spooled print jobs. Depending on the role of your system, thi
s directory can require several hundred Meg., or only a
few Meg. You should mount a partition there of at least 32Meg. to
take the strain off of your root directory. Some
directories you might want to consider mounting volumes on are /v
ar/mail and /var/log, depending on your
anticipated usage.
/bin and /sbin
These directories contain all the basic binary files that make up
the core FreeBSD system. Do NOT mount partitions to
these directories. They contain the utilities that allow you to m
ount filesystems. If you booted improperly, you could not
gain access to any of your filesystems.
/root
This is the Home directory of the user root. Unless you mount a p
artition to a sub-directory, it uses available disk space
from its parent directory. Therefore you want to be careful what
you put in the /root directory, because it uses up the
available disk space from the / directory. If you find your / fil
esystem happens to be full, you might want to check this
directory for excess files.
/dev
This directory contains ``file'' representations of all of the de
vices that exist in your system. You don't need to mount
anything here.
1. Workstation\Desktop system
Unless you have special plans, on a system like this, just use the def
aults. Press a to use the defaults. This option will create a
32Meg / partition, a 32 Meg /var partition, calculate a swap partition
based on available RAM memory, and allocate the rest
as a /usr partition.
2. Server (More than 100 People)
The more people you have on the system, the more you want to think abo
ut making a /home partition. You should decide on a
minimum amount of disk space that you are going to alot for each user.
Say 3-4 Megs of disk space for each user, and make
/home partition that has enough space to hold all the anticipated user
files.
3. Internet Server (E-mail/Pop3/Web Pages/FTP)
On an e-mail server, you want to add extra space to the directory /var
. The directories /var/log and /var/mail receive
extra heavy use in Internet servers. If you anticipate a large volume
of e-mail, you might want to add a separate /var/mail
partition.
If this is a print server, /var/spool might get heavier than normal us
age. However, spooled print jobs don't stay very long.
4. News Server
A News server is a very advanced project, but I mention it here so you
can plan disk space for it. You will want to use several
2.1 Gig SCSI disks, and look into ccd. ccd can be used to stripe sever
al disks together, and also mirror hard disks.
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