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发信人: meipeng(原来) 整理人: roy_young(2002-03-26 17:48:58), 站内信件 |
| a society has one or more personality types which children are urged to copy.among most of the plains indians,the approved personality for the male was that of a strong,self-reliant aggressive fighter.under many circumstances to take what he wanted from the weak was a virtue:any tendency to overlook insults was a weakness.since only these personality characteristics were admired and rewarded,they were the ones that most youths developed.
the most widely approved personality in our culture is probably friendly and sociable,somewhat cooperatitive yet quite competetive and aggressively individualistic,progressive,yet pratical and efficient.many features of our social life work together to develop friendly and pleasant has a cash value.politeness is taught and encouraged as a necessity in almost any career.the child is trained to make all requests with a please,and receive all favors with a smiling thank you.while much of this outward show of friendliness is false,it nevertheless rurrounds one with an atmosphere of sociablity.our society forces people to develop a keen time consciousness,since nealry everything is done on a time schedule. most of the world's people could see little of any social change within their own lifetimes.they lived in an unchanging world of customes supposedly unchanged over countless generations,of legends passed down from remote ancestors,and a world expected to extend endlessly into the future.we live in a culture permeated by change and expectations of change.each child is surrounded by adults busily contrasting the present with their childhood memories.change is accepted,expected,and even taken into account,as we base our future plans on the changes which we expect to have taken place by the time our plans become realized.cultural influences such as these help to develop the active,restless,energetic personality that is admired in our culture. a close relationship between personality and culture should be expected,because in a sense,personality and culture are two aspects of the same thing.in a stable,well-integrated society,personality is an individual aspect of culture,while culture is a collective aspect of personality.every culture,including our own,surrounds the individual with experiences that develop a normal personality,more or less perfectly by most members of that society. ----  欢迎来我的主页
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