发信人: y2ghijacker(君无口)
整理人: y2ghijacker(2001-06-19 12:48:24), 站内信件
|
This issue of women in the military faced its first serious
challenge when the MEPSCAT(Military Entrance Physical Strength
Capacity Test) program was introduced during l98l. MEPSCAT was a
series of physical tests to be administered to all troops coming into
the Army. MEPSCAT recognized that while many military jobs were no
more strenuous than office work, most required varying degrees of
physical ability.
Aside from the heavy physical demands of most military jobs,
there was also the strenuous nature of field operations. Most army
troops are expected to serve as part of a field army at one time or
another in their careers. That is, they will serve with units that
must become mobile. This means everyone must put all the unit's
equipment on trucks and armored vehicles, and then unload it all
after the movement is completed. Under combat conditions, such
movements are normally conducted every few days. These moves take
place in all types of weather, usually at night. Speed is essential,
as the purpose of moving is often to avoid being located and attacked
by enemy artillery and aircraft. The creators of MEPSCAT thought this
would be a straightforward, militarily sound way to address the
question of which military jobs women would be permitted to hold. The
MEPSCAT crew was mistaken. Because of the differences in raw hysical
strength between men and women, far fewer women would be qualified
for many Military Occupational Specialties.
As of the early l990s, each service had female personnel in the
following percentages: Air Force 14％ ; Army 1l％ ; Navy 10％ ;
Marines 5％.
1981年，当军队采用了"入伍体能测试"计划时，军队女性问题面临首次严重挑战。"入伍体能测试"是所有进入陆军的士兵必须接受的一系列体力测试。该测试认为，尽管许多军职专业的工作强度不会高于办公室工作，但是，绝大多数职务却需要不同程度的体能。
大多数军职专业除对体力有严格要求之外，还有野战行动的艰苦性。大多数陆军士兵在他们的军旅生涯中都会有一段时间在野战部队执行任务，也就是说，他们要随同部队进行机动。这意味着每个人都必须将部队所有装备装进卡车和装甲车辆之中，而在行军结束后还要将所有的装备卸下来。在战斗条件下，此类行动常常几天一次，且会在任何气候条件下实施，通常是在夜间。机动时最重要的是速度，因为机动的目的往往是为了避免被敌人发现和遭到敌人炮火及飞机火力的攻击。"入伍体能测试"计划的制订者认为，体能测试是解决妇女可从事何种军事专业问题的一种简单而在军事上又可靠的方法。然而，"入伍体能测试"计划的制订人员搞错了。由于男性与女性之间在体力上的天生差异，对许多军职专业而言，女性能够胜任的人数远远少于男性。
90年代初期，各军种拥有女军人的比例如下：空军14％，陆军11％，海军10％，海军陆战队5％。
----
因为有了你,广州社区英语学习才更精彩!...:p
|
|