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整理人: roy_young(2002-08-08 12:27:04), 站内信件
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Writing Argumentative Essays (1)
英语议论文写作（一）
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Debatable and non-debatable statements
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可争议观点和不可争议观点
An argumentative essay is built around a specific statement
(or main premise) that is debatable within the field in
which you are studying. In other words, at the centre of
an argumentative essay is a statement with which your readers
may disagree. Your essay will need to support that statement
in a manner that convinces your readers of its truth.
议论文总是围绕作者研究领域内一个可争议的具体观点展开的。
换言之，读者可能提出异议的观点是议论文的核心。写作者须
以适当的方式向读者证明该观点的真实性。
To begin the first-things-first work on argumentative essays
we will learn the difference between debatable and non-debatable
statements
在开始学写议论文之前，我们得了解可争议观点和不可争议观点的区别。
Debatable statements = Statements with which other people
might or might not agree . These are sometimes called
"arguments", "assertions", "propositions" or "premises".
eg. Nuclear energy is the best way of meeting China's energy
needs in the 21st century.
"可争议观点"即别人可能赞同也可能不赞同的观点。这种观点有时
也被称为“论点”、“论断”、“主张”或“前提”。
例：核能是满足二十一世纪中国能源需求的最好办法。
Non-debatable statements = Statements with which no one
would normally disagree or argue. These are sometimes
called "facts".
eg. Coal and oil were the main sources of energy in China
in the 20th century.
"不可争议观点"就是通常不会有人表示异议或进行争论的观点。
这种观点有时也被称为“事实”。
例：在二十世纪，煤炭和石油是中国的主要能源。
Task 1 练习一：
Which of the following statements are debatable and which are non-debatable?
以下观点哪些是“可争议观点”(A)，哪些是“不可争议观点”(B)
1. Computers and automation increase unemployment.
2. Smoking is harmful to people's health.
3. Plants produce oxygen that the world needs to sustain life.
4. There is no snake in Hawaii.
5. A good education is necessary for a successful and happy life.
Task 2 练习二：
Now write a debatable and a non-debatable statement
about each of the following topics:
就以下论题各写一个可争议观点和一个不可争议观点：
1. Alcohol
2. Television
3. Public transport
4. The Chinese education system
5. The President of PRC
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Scroll down to see some possible answers to these tasks.
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向下滚屏，查看参考答案。
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Task 1 : A B B B A
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Task 2:
Non-debatable Statements:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Alcohol -- Such drinks as beer, wine, brandy and whisky
all contain alcohol.
Television -- Television was invented in 1925 by John L. Baird,
a Scotch inventor.
Television broadcasting didn't begin in China
until May 1958.
Public Transport -- Trains, trams and buses are all forms
of public transport.
The Chinese Education System -- There are three main levels
in the Chinese education system:
primary, secondary and tertiary.
The President -- The President of P.R.C is elected by
the National People's Congress.
Debatable Statements:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Alcohol -- Drinking alcohol is always bad for your heath.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Television -- Pay (or cable) television will become more
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
and more popular in the next 10 years thanks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
to the development of communications satelites.
Public Transport -- Public transport is more economically
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efficient than private car transport.
~~~~~~~~~
The Chinese Education System -- The Chinese education system
provides the highest quality
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
education in the Asia.
The President -- The President should be directly elected by
~~~~~~~~~
all the citizens of China.
Please Note: In the detabable statements listed above,
the writer is not stating facts but is
giving opinions or making speculations.
注意： 在以上“可争议观点”中，作者不是陈述事实，而是
发表见解或进行推测。
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