发信人: henryxie.(琴佬)
整理人: bigfish(2002-01-12 14:57:13), 站内信件
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The Guitar Times:你刚才所说的是使用吉他的和声共振吗？
And using the harmonic resonance of the guitar?
David Russell:是的。有时候这是可能的，因为有些音符，当你的手指已经离开后，还会有余音存在。或是有时你离开了和弦中的一个音符，而这个音符会有换把杂音。
Yes, sometimes it's possible because some notes, even though you lift, there's an under-tone continuity. Or sometimes you can even leave another note of the chord, and lift the one that's squeaking.
例如，我的3指的换把杂音要比2指明显，3指的力量不是很强，因此对我来说就需要在移动时换用二指，而不使用3指。
For example, my third finger squeaks more than my second -the third one isn't so powerful sideways- , so perhaps it's necessary for me to put the second down if I'm going to have to move, and not the third...
其实有许多种解决的方法，我想在不同的场合我们需要找到最好的指法。现在，许多演奏家都可以在3弦上演奏出非常精彩的，但是在以前可能就不是这样，在Segovia的年代，他就愿意把有些乐句在第4弦上演奏。
There are many many ways round it, I think that at every occasion we need to look for the best fingering. Nowadays, many guitarists sound fantastic on the third string, so it's possible to go across to it when perhaps before, in Segovia's times, he would prefer to move up the fourth.
的确，吉他的第4弦所能够表现的音乐感觉是你在第3弦上无法找到的。同样道理，你也要在这里找到一个平衡点。
It's true that the fourth has a certain musical quality that you usually can't get on the third... Again, you come to this balance thing.
许多演奏家都录制过唱片。录音是一件很可怕的事情，尤其是在大量使用数字录音技术的今天，录音时几乎将所有的细节全部记录下来了，演奏者所有的呼吸声，所有的身体移动，要想录制出精彩的录音非常难。换把杂音在录音中会显得很突出，在你演奏的一段非常优美的乐句中突然出现一个换把杂音，你会感到非常不舒服。你要考虑将其去除。
Many of us make records. It's terrible on a record, especially now with the digital recording that really picks up everything, every little sniff, every time you move : it's really very difficult. The squeaks come out very strong, and it's extremely demoralising when you get a really good, beautiful phrase and you have a huge squeak in the middle. Is it worth leaving that, or do I have to redo it?
每个人都有自己的决定，我是倾向于将这样的换把杂音去掉，同时，为了去掉这些换把杂音我也的确是进行了非常艰苦的工作。
Each of us has to decide. I prefer not to have them, and I prefer to work really hard to get rid of them.
现在有许多生产琴弦的厂商，我曾经使用过D'Addario公司生产的半抛光琴弦一段时间。我现在愿意使用普通的琴弦，不过抛光琴弦也是一种选择。
There are some companies that make strings, d'Addario make these semi-polished strings which I have used sometimes. I still prefer to play normal ones, but still it can be a solution.
当演奏时如果按弦不实会产生呲音，而换把杂音要比呲音声音大不少。绝大多数的演奏家都不愿意听到演奏中有呲音，他们认为呲音属于演奏错误，那么为什么我们却可以接受换把杂音？我认为这种观点是不正确的，对于我来说，这两种情况对于音乐的破坏是相同的。
A squeak is louder than a buzz -when you miss a note and you're halfway back. And most guitarists hate the buzz, it's like a mistake, and yet the squeak is acceptable? That's wrong. For me, one is just as disruptive to the music as the other.
在学生时代，我曾经住在伦敦的一位小提琴演奏家那里，一旦我在演奏中出现换把杂音，他就会马上指出。在音乐上他给了我很大帮助。对于技巧他一句话也说不出来，他只是以一位普通听众的身份在听我演奏，并提出他的看法：如果你演奏得不好那么就不能够被原谅，不要说其他的什么。"音乐是最真实的。"如果你演奏中出现了换把杂音，我就会认为那是一个噪音，认为你的演奏破坏了音乐。
I used to live in a violinist's house in London when I was a student, and straight away the guy said "you're squeaking". He helped me a lot with the music. He could not say anything about the technique so his appreciation was really the way a general audience is : if it's not nice you have no excuse and you can not say underneath "yes, but the music is more genuine". No, you squeak. I mean it makes a big noise and you hurt the music.
于是从那时起，我就按照他所说的去做。
Right from very early on, I tried to do something about it.
如果你听卡雷巴洛（Carlevaro）大师的学生演奏，他们演奏的声音都是非常干净的，这些学生都来自于拉丁美洲。卡雷巴洛大师在这方面花费了相当大的精力，找到了自己的一套方法。我上过一次他的大师班，感到他有很多非常好的想法。
If you listen to a Carlevaro student, all the guys that came from Latin America, all of them were very clean players. Carlevaro worked very hard to find his way. I went to have a master-class with him once and he had some very good ideas.
我们所有的人都会有自己的想法，我们应该将这些想法说出来。
And each of us has some ideas : we should all talk about it.
昨天，我遇到一名学生，他的换把杂音很明显，我就要让他意识到换把杂音的危害。这是一种非常不好的感觉，即使你非常刻苦努力，但是如果没有真正意识到换把杂音的危害，你就不可能将它去除。
With a student yesterday -who had very squeaky fingers- I wanted to make him hate the squeaks! It's not a nice feeling because you then have to work very hard, but if you don't have a crisis about it, then you will not really fix it.
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