发信人: roy_young(Roy)
整理人: roy_young(2001-06-04 14:22:25), 站内信件
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許多中國人愛用俗語、成語、俚語。由於中美兩國文化、風俗、思想、習慣的差異,如果照字直譯,或把單字「堆在一起」,老外聽了,也許就會「滿頭霧水」、「迷迷糊糊」,成了他們所說的「只有你們中國人聽得懂」的「中國英文」(Chinese English)。
在此,把一些常見的中文俗語與一般老外的說法相對比較,或許可供有興趣的讀者參考。
1. 人山人海:有人直譯為:People mountain people sea.
這就是「中國英文」,老外很難理解。他們指「人多」時,通常只說:「There is a large crowd of people.」如果看到電影院門前大排長龍,也只說:「There is (was) a long movie line.」
不過在詩詞用語 (poetic expression) 裡,老外也有使用:「a (the) sea of faces」,頗有咱們「人山人海」的味道。例如:
Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望著一片人山人海的聽眾, A先生發表一篇動人的演說。)
Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.(柯林頓總統站在講台上看到人山人海的人群揮手向他致意。)
可見,說話者通常要在台上或高處,才有「人海」的感覺。因此,可以說:I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building. 但在平地的人群中,就不說:「I saw the sea of faces.」也不說:「There is a sea of faces.」只說:「I saw a large crowd of people.」
2. 家家有本難唸的經:有人譯成:Every family cooking - pot has a black spot. (意思是:每個家庭的鍋子都有黑色的污點)
這樣說法,老外恐怕不能充分了解。不過老外最常的說法是:
Many families have skeletons in the closet. (許多家庭的衣櫃裡都有骨骸) (骨骸就是指家醜)
或者說:
Every family has its own source of shame. (每個家庭都有自己的醜事)
說白些,就是:
Every family has its own problem.
3. 天下無不散的宴席:有人直譯為:There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
老外聽後,也許很難體會其中意義。如果按照美語說法,也許更易理解:
All good things come to an end. (意思是:所有好的事情,總有結束的一天。)
假如是指好友最後也有分別的一天,那麼可以說:
Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart. (bosom friend 是指知心的好友)
4. 平時不燒香,臨時抱佛腳:有人照字直譯為:When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the Buddha.
這種說法,老外也會「一知半解」。美語裡一般說法是:
Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity. (要每天敬拜神,不是只在困難時。)
對學生也可以說:
If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功,考試就不會形成壓力。)
5. 掛羊頭,賣狗肉:有人照字直譯為:He advertises mutton, but sells dog's flesh. 或 He hangs up a sheep's head at the shopfront and sells dog meat.
這兩種譯法,恐怕老外都難理解,尤其談到「狗肉」,他們更會「反感」,因為狗是他們最愛的寵物,不過老外倒有相近的說法:
He applied bait-and-switch factics in business. (他經商的策略是先引誘顧客來,再改變貨物的品質。)
(Bait-and- switch 當名詞用) (也可不用連字號)
This store uses bait and switch policy.
或者簡單的說:
Let the buyer be aware! (讓消費者提高警覺) ; 或
Say one thing and do another.
6. 一言既出,駟馬難追:有人譯成:One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it. 或 A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses.
這兩種說法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法:
A word once let go cannot be recalled.
或者說:
You can not take back what you have said. (你說出的話,就不能再收回來。)
7. 禍從口出,言多必失:有人譯為:The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.
老外聽了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好說成:
Careless talk leads to trouble. (不小心說話,會帶來麻煩); 或
The less said the better. (說的愈少愈好)
甚至也可以說:
Shut the mouth and open the eyes. (閉嘴少說,張眼多看。)
8. 豹死留皮,人死留名:有人直譯為:When the leopard dies, he leaves his skin; when a man dies, he leaves his reputation.
這種說法,恐怕老外也難理解。因為他們不願談及殺害稀有動物的行為,也不在乎死後留名問題。他們最多只說:
After dealth a person's legacy is important. (人死後,重要的是留些有益社會人群的事蹟。)
也就是說:
If we have lived a respectful life before dealth, the younger generation will remember us.
(如果我們生前的生活令人敬仰,年輕一代會記得我們。)
9. 一桶水搖不響,半桶水響叮噹:有人照字譯成:The full pot of water makes no sound; the half-empty pot of water is noisy.
老外聽後,也許還是「迷迷糊糊」。不過他們也有這樣的說法:
A little knowledge (或 learning) can be (或 is) dangerous.(一知半解很危險)
或者說:
Still water runs deep.(靜水深流)
也可以說:
He who knows the most says the least.(懂得越多的人,反而說得越少。)
至於「大智若愚」,通常可以這麼說:
A truly wise person does not show off his (her) ability.(真正聰明的人,是不會顯耀自己的能力)
或者說:
A wise man conceals his talents and pretends that he does not know anything.
(聰明的人隱藏才智,偽裝什麼都不懂。)
10. 口蜜腹劍,笑裡藏刀:有人譯為:His mouth is honey; his heart is a sword.
這種說法,老外也會覺得「怪怪的」,如果改成:
He has honey in his mouth,but murder in his heart. 也許比較了解。
不過,老外通常只說:
He talks very warmly but his heart is very cold.(他嘴巴很親切,但內心很冷淡。)
11. 少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲:有人譯成:If you neglect study when you are young, what may happen to your old age?
這種說法,老外也許不能理解,因為他們沒有「學而優則仕」的思想,也不認為功課差,將來就會悲傷。如果他們勸告兒女,多半只說:
Studying (或 working) hard can lead you to a brighter (或 more promising) future. (努力用功會帶給你光明的前程)
當然也可以對年輕人說:
Study (或 work) hard during your youth;it will pay off when you get older. (年輕時好好努力,到老時就會覺得值得。)
或者說:
Study hard during your youth or you may suffer consequence when you are older.(年輕時要努力,否則老時將遭到不好的結果。)
12. 水落石出:有人照字直譯為:As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed.
這樣說,恐怕老外還是「有聽沒懂」。其實,他們的說法是:
All secrets may eventually come to light. (所有祕密,最後總會曝光。)
也可以說:
Eventually, every secret will be disclosed.
13. 這山望到那山高:有人譯成:The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.(意思是:牆那邊的蘋果最甜)
老外聽後,恐怕無法領悟真正的意義,不過他們也有類似的說法:
The grass always looks greener on the other side.(另一邊的草,看來總是綠些。)
也就是說:
Other person's situation seems always better than your own.(別人的情況看來總是比你好)
當然,如要譯成:
「If you stand on a mountain, you feel the distant mountain seems higher than yours.」老外也能接受。
14. 烈火煉真金,患難見真情:有人譯成:Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship.
這句譯文,雖然很好,老外也能瞭解。不過他們還有另外的說法:
Liquor brings out a person's true color.(烈酒能顯示一個人真正的特色)
或者說:
Wine reveals a person's true heart.
雖然老外不用「烈火煉真金」的比喻,但有「路遙知馬力」的說法:
By a long road, we know a horse's strength;at times of difficulty, we discover a friend's true character.
15. 賣瓜說瓜甜:有人直譯為:The melon-seller shouts that his melons are sweet.
如果老外聽了,也許「似懂非懂」。不過他們倒有這樣的說法:
The advertisers always like to blow their own horns.(意思是:做廣告的人,都會自吹自擂。)
或者說得更明白些:
The merchant always claims what he sells is the best.(商人常常宣稱他所賣的東西是最好的。)
16. 平生不做虧心事,半夜不怕鬼敲門:老中譯成:If you have a clear conscience in your life, you need not fear that the ghost will knock at your door at midnight.
這種譯文,恐怕「中國」味道較重,老外不易充分理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法:
Living a decent(或 clean)life will lead us to a smoother sailing in our lives.(意思是:生活得清白,就會一帆風順。)(life 的多數是 lives)
或者說:
If you have a high moral conscience, your life will be peaceful.(如有高尚品德,生活就會寧靜。)
17. 塞翁失馬,焉知非福:有的老中照字直譯為:The old man living at the frontier lost his horse; don't pity him, for this may not be bad fortune.
這種說法,「中國」味道較重,老外很難瞭解。不過美語裡倒有這樣流行的說法:
Misfortune may be a blessing in disguise.(不幸也許掩藏著一種祈福)(disguise 意思是假扮或掩藏)
或者說:
Every cloud has a silver lining.(雲霧中,存有銀色的邊緣)(也就是說:黑暗中還有一線光明,或痛苦中尚有一線希望。)
說白些,就是:
There is something good in every bad situation.(每個不好的情況,都有好的一面。)
也就是說:
There is nothing bad that good does not come.(好的不來,未必就是壞的。)(good 當名詞用)
18. 一粒鼠屎壞鍋粥:有人照字直譯成: One speck of rat's dung spoils a whole pot of rice.
一般美國人倒喜歡這麼說:
One rotten apple spoils the whole bunch. (bunch 本指一群,這裡後面省去 of apples)
或者說:
One rotten egg spoils the whole dish. (這裡的 dish 是指一盤菜)
也可以說:
One bad thing can mess up the entire plan. (一件壞事,可以影響整個計畫。)
如果指人,就可以說:
One nasty (或 bad) person can (或 may) ruin the whole team (或 entire group). (一位壞傢伙,害了整群人。) (即害群之馬)
如果這樣照字翻譯,老外也能接受:
One small rat's feces will spoil the pot of soup. (註:雖然 dung 也是牲畜的糞便,但不如 feces = faeces 通用)
19. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子:有人照字譯成:If you do not enter the tiger's den, how can you get his cub!或是:Unless you enter the tiger's den, you can not get the cubs.
這種說法,老外未必理解其中意思。不過他們也有簡單的說法:
Nothing ventured;nothing gained.
(= nothing renture;nothing gain.) (不冒險,就沒有收穫。)
或者說:
No pain;no gain.
說白些,就是:
If you don't try to do something, you will never accomplish it.(假如你不嘗試去做一件事,你永遠不會完成它。)
20. 勝而不驕,敗而不餒:老中譯為:Be not elated by success, nor disturbed by failure.
這句譯文,老外當然理解,不過他們也有這麼說法:
Don't act arrogant when you succeed; don't be discouraged when you fail.
註:一般老外重視培養個人自信,不輕易謙卑自貶,他們認為有「自信」的人,才會產生「傲氣」,所以通常不說「勝而不驕」。如果遇到挫折,老外還會鼓勵說:
Pick yourself up, brush yourself off and try, try, try again!(意思是:跌倒自己就爬起來,自己拭去身上的灰塵,再繼續試下去!)
21. 解鈴還須繫鈴人:在海峽兩岸關係中,這是常見的一句話。老中譯成:He who has tied the knot should untie it.
但是:「to tie the knot」,老外又常指結婚 (marriage) 的意思:例如:
They have tied the knot for ten years.(他們結婚十年了。)
老外以下的說法,也許更清楚:
He who creates the problem should (be able to ) solve it.(製造問題的人,應該去解決。)
或者說:
Those who stir up things should take the responsibility.(把事情搞糟的人應該負責。
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