发信人: fsyong()
整理人: reynolds(2001-04-09 08:44:23), 站内信件
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CCNA 2.0 BRAINDUMP
(1) Purpose of Spanning tree? Maintain loop free network, IEEE 802.1d,
enabled by default (2) How frames are transmitted? Store and forward,
cut through, fragment-free (3) How does full-duplex improve network p
erformance? Using point to point Ethernet and fast Ethernet connection
s. In full, the collision detect is disabled. Nodes attached to hubs o
r nodes sharing their connection with a switch port must operate in ha
lf to detect collisions. (4) What are the appropriate numbers for a su
b-interface? (5) How to configure an IP address on a switch? Router (c
onfig)# ip address address mask (6) Output of show ip? Verifies IP add
ress, etc for the switch (7) Output of Show Version? Displays switch h
ardware and IOS information. (8) Copy configuration files to TFTP serv
er (what command)? Copy nvram tftp://host/dst_file (9) What is a VLAN?
A logical broadcast domain that can span multiple physical LAN segmen
ts. Can be segmented by functions, project teams or application. VLAN'
S enable switches to create multiple broadcast domains within a switch
ed network. (10) What are the 2 types of routes? Static and dynamic (1
1) What is ISL Tagging? A Cisco proprietary used to interconnect multi
ple switches and to maintain VLAN information as traffic goes between
switches. Each device must be ISL capable. ISL functions at layer 2 of
the OSI. (12) What modes does VTP operate at? Server (default), clien
t and transparent. A man of 64 VLAN'S can be active on most desktops.
(13) How to display Spanning-tree configuration? Switch# show spantree
1 (14) Purpose of 3-way handshake? Error control (15) Flow control fo
r tcp/udp? Uses window size (flow control mechanism) to determine how
many bytes the receiver can accept (16) TCP/IP internet layer protocol
s? IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP (determines source network ip addresses when so
urce data link layer address are known. ICMP is implemented by all TCP
/IP hosts. Most common form included pings, echo request and echo repl
ies. ARP resolves ip addresses to MAC address. (17) What are the reser
ved address? 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255, 192.1
68.0.0-192.168.255.255 (18) What is the value of IPX? 800-899 (19) How
is broadcast address formed? Using all 1's within the IP address. Cis
co supports 3 kinds which are: flooding, directed broadcast and all su
bnet broadcasts. Flooded broadcasts (255.255.255.255) are not propagat
ed because they are considered local. To broadcast a message within a
single subnet the host portion of the address contains all 1's. Broadc
asts directed into a specific network are allowed and forwarded by the
router. These contain all 1's in the host portion of the IP address.
To broadcast messages to all hosts on all subnets within a single netw
ork, the host and subnet portions of the address all contain 1's (pg 2
32 in ICND book). (20) Subnet planning questions (page 235 ICND) book
(21) How to assign a router interface logical network address? Router
(config-if)# ip address (22) How do you get rid of hold-down timers? R
outer receives a better metric from neighbor, when the network become
available (23) Drag and drop - data encapsulation process - tcp header
added to upper layer data (segment) ip header added at network layer
(packet) packet packaged into layer 2 header (frame) frame converted t
o bits. (24) What does "Base" stand for in 10Base? Signaling rate (25)
What does CIR do? Rate at which provider agrees to send data (26) Wha
t is a MAC address? 48 bit address expresses as 12 hexadecimal digits,
the first 6 are the vendor code (27) Bridges are? Layer 2 devices (28
) Purpose of OSI? Interoperability (29) An IP address is? 32 bit addre
ss divided into (4) 8 bit octets. 1's represent network and O's repres
ent hosts (30) Tcp is? Connection-oriented, reliable while UDP is unre
liable and connectionless (31) What is the max length of? 10baset - 10
0m, 100basetx - 100m (32) If no IOS is detected upon boot, what mode d
o you enter? Setup (33) How do you get from privileged mode form user
mode? Enable (type disable to return) (34) You receive message "%incom
plete command" how do you get help? Re-enter command followed by ? (no
space between) (35) How to display a previously entered command? Pres
s up arrow key or crtl-p or ctrl-n (36) What is the output of "show Ve
rsion" command? System hardware, names & sources of config files, boot
images, uptime, current router config register value (37) What is the
output of show Interface command? Displays command stats for all inte
rface configurations on the router, config changes (38) What does [] m
ean? Default answers for all following questions (39) How to config ro
uter initially? Enter host name, enable secret password (40) How to di
splay command history buffer for routers? Router>Show history (max 256
) (41) Typing exit brings you back one level, ctrl-z or end takes you
out of configuration mode back to privileged exec (42) How to config B
anner? Router(config)# banner motd use delaminating character of choic
e (43) How to configure bandwidth on interface? Router(config-if)# ban
dwidth 64 (44) How to config clock rate? Router(config-if)# clock rate
64000 (45) Display config file in NVRAM? Show startup-config (46) Cdp
- runs at data-link layer (47) How do you prevent cdp devices from ge
tting information? Routera(config)# no cdp run n/a on switches use no
cdp enable (48) What is the output of "show cdp neighbors? Neighbor de
vice id, local interface, holdtime value, neighbor device capability c
ode, hardware platform, neighbor remote port id (49) How to verify & d
isplay active telnet sessions? Router a# sh sessions (50) How to suspe
nd a telnet session? Ctrl-shift-6-x, type resume to resume (51) Ping-
operates at layer 3, telnet layer 7 (52) 4 areas of ROM microcode? Boo
tstrap code, POST code, ROM monitor, partial IOS (53) When field is in
0x1 - system boots form ROM, 0x2 or 0xf, boots from NVRAM (54) Show F
lash? Amount of memory on router, amount of memory available, name and
size of Image file (55) Switches - Segment network into multiple coll
ision domains. Have 3 functions - address learning - packet forwarding
/filtering - loop avoidance. Operates as a transparent bridge (uses MA
C address to locate device locations connected to switch. (56) What ar
e valid numbers for a sub-interface? RTR1(config)# interface serial2 (
57) enabling RIP on a router? Router (config)# router rip (58) What ar
e 2 ways to tell the router where to forward packets that are not dire
ctly connected? Static and dynamic routes. An example of a static rout
e router (config) #ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 (next
hop router in path to the destination) (59) What are the two types of
routing protocols? IGP (exchanges information within the autonomous sy
stem RIP, IGRP) and BGP (outside the system - ex/ bgp) (60) Routing pr
otocol classes are? Distance - determines the direction and distance t
o any link in the internetwork (RIP and IGRP) link-state - recreates e
xact topology of the entire internetwork (OSPF and NLSP) Balanced hybr
id - combines both (EIRGP). (61) How to prevent routing loops? Split h
orizon, route poisoning, holddown timers (62) What is the use of the N
etwork Command? Allows router to advertise to other routers and allows
the routing process to determine which interfaces will participate in
sending and receiving of routing updates (63) What does "show IP Prot
ocols" do? Displays routing timer values, filters and router network i
nformation (64) What does "show IP route" do? Displays IP routing tabl
e contents (65) What command is used to stop all debugging? No debug a
ll or undebug all (66) how to place a router in line configuration mod
e to telnet? Router (config)# line vty Use access-list command to link
existing access list (67) Use show IP interface to view access list s
tatus (68) How to view access lists? Router# show access-lists (69) IP
X is? Similar to UDP, layer 3 protocol. A novell IPX address is 80 bit
s, 32 for network number and 48 for node. Expressed as hexadecimal (70
) IPX RIP uses ticks and hops to make routing decisions. (71) How do y
ou enable IPX routing and SAP? Router (config)# ipx routing (node). Th
e IPX network command enables IPX on a particular interface. See page
342 in ICND book (72) How can you test DDR? Send an interesting packet
through to see if it dials (73) How often does an IPX server send out
SAP updates? 60 seconds (74) Can PPP work with IPX? Yes (75) HDLC is
often used for leased line link between routers. It is an ISO standard
bit-roeinted data-link protocol that encapsulates data over synchrono
us serial data links and by default is used. (76) PPP is often used to
connect dissimilar vendor devices. It uses NCP to encapsulate and LCP
to setup and control options over the WAN link. A PPP session has 3 p
hases such as Link establishment, Authentication (optional) and Networ
k layer (77) How to configure PPP? First verify that the router has a
hostname to it, define the username and password to expect from the re
mote router, then use router (config-if)# ppp authentication. The comm
and show interface will verify this as well as LCP and NCP (78) How do
you set password for CHAP and PAP? With the username password command
(79) What are the ISDN protocols? E-series- telephone network and ISD
N, I-series - ISDN concepts, aspects and interfaces, Q-series - switch
ing and signaling (80) What are the 3 steps to configure DDR?define st
atic routes, specify interesting traffic, configure the dialer informa
tion. (81) How to verify frame-relay? Router# show interface s1 (82) W
hat is Inverse ARP? Method of dynamically associating a network layer
address with a DLCI. (83) What is a DLCI? A number that identifies the
logical circuit between the router and frame relay switch (84) What i
s the purpose of LMI? A signaling standard between the router and fram
e relay switch that is responsible for managing the connection and mai
ntaining status between the devices.. (85) What are the 3 types of LMI
? Cisco, ansi, q933a
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我以为忍住了眼泪也就忍住了悲伤---我以为而已
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