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中华人民共和国行政诉讼法(附英文)
《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大
会常务委员会第二次会议于１９８９年４月４日通过，现予公布，自１９９０年
１０月１日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆
１９８９年４月４日
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 受案范围
第三章 官 辖
第四章 诉讼参加人
第五章 证 据
第六章 起诉和受理
第七章 审理和判决
第八章 执 行
第九章 侵权赔偿责任
第十章 涉外行政诉讼
第十一章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保证人民法院正确、及时审理行政案件，保护公民、法人和其他
组织的合法权益，维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权，根据宪法制定本法。
第二条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关和行政机关工作人员的具体
行政行为侵犯其合法权益，有权依照本法向人民法院提起诉讼。
第三条 人民法院依法对行政案件独立行使审判权，不受行政机关、社会团
体和个人的干涉。
人民法院设行政审判庭，审理行政案件。
第四条 人民法院审理行政案件，以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。
第五条 人民法院审理行政案件，对具体行政行为是否合法进行审查。
第六条 人民法院审理行政案件，依法实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终
审制度。
第七条 当事人在行政诉讼中的法律地位平等。
第八条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进行行政诉讼的权利。
在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区，人民法院应当用当地民族通用
的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
人民法院应当对不通晓当地民族通用的语言、文字的诉讼参与人提供翻译。
第九条 当事人在行政诉讼中有权进行辩论。
第十条 人民检察院有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督。
第二章 受案范围
第十一条 人民法院受理公民、法人和其他组织对下列具体行政行为不服提
起的诉讼：
（一）对拘留、罚款、吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收财物等行政
处罚不服的；
（二）对限制人身自由或者对财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施不服
的；
（三）认为行政机关侵犯法律规定的经营自主权的；
（四）认为符合法定条件申请行政机关颁发许可证和执照，行政机关拒绝颁
发或者不予答复的；
（五）申请行政机关履行保护人身权、财产权的法定职责，行政机关拒绝履
行或者不予答复的；
（六）认为行政机关没有依法发给抚恤金的；
（七）认为行政机关违法要求履行义务的；
（八）认为行政机关侵犯其他人身权、财产权的。
除前款规定外，人民法院受理法律、法规规定可以提起诉讼的其他行政案件
。
第十二条 人民法院不受理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼
：
（一）国防、外交等国家行为；
（二）行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、
命令；
（三）行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定；
（四）法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的具体行政行为。
第三章 管 辖
第十三条 基层人民法院管辖第一审行政案件。
第十四条 中级人民法院管辖下列第一审行政案件：
（一）确认发明专利权的案件、海关处理的案件；
（二）对国务院各部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所作的具体行政行
为提起诉讼的案件；
（三）本辖区内重大、复杂的案件。
第十五条 高级人民法院管辖本辖区内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十六条 最高人民法院管辖全国范围内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十七条 行政案件由最初作出具体行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管
辖。经复议的案件，复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，也可以由复议机关所在地
人民法院管辖。
第十八条 对限制人身自由的行政强制措施不服提起的诉讼，由被告所在地
或者原告所在地人民法院管辖。
第十九条 因不动产提起的行政诉讼，由不动产所在地人民法院管辖。
第二十条 两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的案件，原告可以选择其中一个人
民法院提起诉讼。原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼的，由最先收到
起诉状的人民法院管辖。
第二十一条 人民法院发现受理的案件不属于自己管辖时，应当移送有管辖
权的人民法院。受移送的人民法院不得自行移送。
第二十二条 有管辖权的人民法院由于特殊原因不能行使管辖权的，由上级
人民法院指定管辖。
人民法院对管辖权发生争议，由争议双方协商解决。协商不成的，报它们的
共同上级人民法院指定管辖。
第二十三条 上级人民法院有权审判下级人民法院管辖的第一审行政案件，
也可以把自己管辖的第一审行政案件移交下级人民法院审判。
下级人民法院对其管辖的第一审行政案件，认为需要由上级人民法院审判的
，可以报请上级人民法院决定。
第四章 诉讼参加人
第二十四条 依照本法提起诉讼的公民、法人或者其他组织是原告。
有权提起诉讼的公民死亡，其近亲属可以提起诉讼。
有权提起诉讼的法人或者其他组织终止，承受其权利的法人或者其他组织可
以提起诉讼。
第二十五条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，作出具
体行政行为的行政机关是被告。
经复议的案件，复议机关决定维持原具体行政行为的，作出原具体行政行为
的行政机关是被告；复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，复议机关是被告。
两个以上行政机关作出同一具体行政行为的，共同作出具体行政行为的行政
机关是共同被告。
由法律、法规授权的组织所作的具体行政行为，该组织是被告。由行政机关
委托的组织所作的具体行政行为，委托的行政机关是被告。
行政机关被撤销的，继续行使其职权的行政机关是被告。
第二十六条 当事人一方或双方为二人以上，因同一具体行政行为发生的行
政案件，或者因同样的具体行政行为发生的行政案件、人民法院认为可以合并审
理的，为共同诉讼。
第二十七条 同提起诉讼的具体行政行为有利害关系的其他公民、法人或者
其他组织，可以作为第三人申请参加诉讼，或者由人民法院通知参加诉讼。
第二十八条 没有诉讼行为能力的公民，由其法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代
理人互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
第二十九条 当事人、法定代理人，可以委托一至二人代为诉讼。
律师、社会团体、提起诉讼的公民的近亲属或者所在单位推荐的人，以及经
人民法院许可的其他公民，可以受委托为诉讼代理人。
第三十条 代理诉讼的律师，可以依照规定查阅本案有关材料，可以向有关
组织和公民调查，收集证据。对涉及国家秘密和个人隐私的材料，应当依照法律
规定保密。
经人民法院许可，当事人和其他诉讼代理人可以查阅本案庭审材料，但涉及
国家秘密和个人隐私的除外。
第五章 证 据
第三十一条 证据有以下几种：
（一）书证；
（二）物证；
（三）视听资料；
（四）证人证言；
（五）当事人的陈述；
（六）鉴定结论；
（七）勘验笔录、现场笔录。
以上证据经法庭审查属实，才能作为定案的根据。
第三十二条 被告对作出的具体行政行为负有举证责任，应当提供作出该具
体行政行为的证据和所依据的规范性文件。
第三十三条 在诉讼过程中，被告不得自行向原告和证人收集证据。
第三十四条 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或者补充证据。
人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取证据。
第三十五条 在诉讼过程中，人民法院认为对专门性问题需要鉴定的，应当
交由法定鉴定部门鉴定；没有法定鉴定部门的，由人民法院指定的鉴定部门鉴定
。
第三十六条 在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，诉讼参加人可以
向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。
第六章 起诉和受理
第三十七条 对属于人民法院受案范围的行政案件，公民、法人或者其他组
织可以先向上一级行政机关或者法律、法规规定的行政机关申请复议，对复议不
服的，再向人民法院提起诉讼；也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
法律、法规规定应当先向行政机关申请复议，对复议不服再向人民法院提起
诉讼的，依照法律、法规的规定。
第三十八条 公民、法人或者其他组织向行政机关申请复议的，复议机关应
当在收到申请书之日起两个月内作出决定。法律、法规另有规定的除外。
申请人不服复议决定的，可以在收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院
提起诉讼。复议机关逾期不作决定的，申请人可以在复议期满之日起十五日内向
人民法院提起诉讼。法律另有规定的除外。
第三十九条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，应当在
知道作出具体行政行为之日起三个月内提出。法律另有规定的除外。
第四十条 公民、法人或者其他组织因不可抗力或者其他特殊情况耽误法定
期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以申请延长期限，由人民法院决定。
第四十一条 提起诉讼应当符合下列条件：
（一）原告是认为具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益的公民、法人或者其他组织
；
（二）有明确的被告；
（三）有具体的诉讼请求和事实根据；
（四）属于人民法院受案范围和受诉人民法院管辖。
第四十二条 人民法院接到起诉状，经审查，应当在七日内立案或者作出裁
定不予受理。原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉。
第七章 审理和判决
第四十三条 人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内，将起诉状副本发送被告。
被告应当在收到起诉状副本之日起十日内向人民法院提交作出具体行政行为的有
关材料，并提出答辩状。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内，将答辩状副
本发送原告。
被告不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。
第四十四条 诉讼期间，不停止具体行政行为的执行。但有下列情形之一的
，停止具体行政行为的执行：
（一）被告认为需要停止执行的；
（二）原告申请停止执行，人民法院认为该具体行政行为的执行会造成难以
弥补的损失，并且停止执行不损害社会公共利益，裁定停止执行的；
（三）法律、法规规定停止执行的。
第四十五条 人民法院公开审理行政案件，但涉及国家秘密、个人隐私和法
律另有规定的除外。
第四十六条 人民法院审理行政案件，由审判员组成合议庭，或者由审判员
、陪审员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员，应当是三人以上的单数。
第四十七条 当事人认为审判人员与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系可能影
响公正审判，有权申请审判人员回避。
审判人员认为自己与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系，应当申请回避。
前两款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。
院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；审判人员的回避，由院长决
定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。
第四十八条 经人民法院两次合法传唤，原告无正当理由拒不到庭的，视为
申请撤诉；被告无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判决。
第四十九条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据
情节轻重，予以训诫、责令具结悔过或者处一千元以下的罚款、十五日以下的拘
留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
（一）有义务协助执行的人，对人民法院的协助执行通知书，无故推拖、拒
绝或者妨碍执行的；
（二）伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据的；
（三）指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证或者威胁、阻止证人作证的；
（四）隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押、冻结的财产的；
（五）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍人民法院工作人员执行职务或者扰乱
人民法院工作秩序的；
（六）对人民法院工作人员、诉讼参与人、协助执行人侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、
殴打或者打击报复的。
罚款、拘留须经人民法院院长批准。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。
第五十条 人民法院审理行政案件，不适用调解。
第五十一条 人民法院对行政案件宣告判决或者裁定前，原告申请撤诉的，
或者被告改变其所作的具体行政行为，原告同意并申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人
民法院裁定。
第五十二条 人民法院审理行政案件，以法律和行政法规、地方性法规为依
据。地方性法规适用于本行政区域内发生的行政案件。
人民法院审理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以该民族自治地方的自治条例和
单行条例为依据。
第五十三条 人民法院审理行政案件，参照国务院部、委根据法律和国务院
的行政法规、决定、命令制定、发布的规章以及省、自治区、直辖市和省、自治
区的人民政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市的人民政府根据法律和国务
院的行政法规制定、发布的规章。
人民法院认为地方人民政府制定、发布的规章与国务院部、委制定、发布的
规章不一致的，以及国务院部、委制定、发布的规章之间不一致的，由最高人民
法院送请国务院作出解释或者裁决。
第五十四条 人民法院经过审理，根据不同情况，分别作出以下判决：
（一）具体行政行为证据确凿，适用法律、法规正确，符合法定程序的，判
决维持。
（二）具体行政行为有下列情形之一的，判决撤销或者部分撤销，并可以判
决被告重新作出具体行政行为：
⒈主要证据不足的；
⒉适用法律、法规错误的；
⒊违反法定程序的；
⒋超越职权的；
⒌滥用职权的。
（三）被告不履行或者拖延履行法定职责的，判决其在一定期限内履行。
（四）行政处罚显失公正的，可以判决变更。
第五十五条 人民法院判决被告重新作出具体行政行为的，被告不得以同一
的事实和理由作出与原具体行政行为基本相同的具体行政行为。
第五十六条 人民法院在审理行政案件中，认为行政机关的主管人员、直接
责任人员违反政纪的，应当将有关材料移送该行政机关或者其上一级行政机关或
者监察、人事机关；认为有犯罪行为的，应当将有关材料移送公安、检察机关。
第五十七条 人民法院应当在立案之日起三个月内作出第一审判决。有特殊
情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理第一审案件需要延长
的，由最高人民法院批准。
第五十八条 当事人不服人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起
十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。当事人不服人民法院第一审裁定的，有权
在裁定书送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。逾期不提起上诉的，人
民法院的第一审判决或者裁定发生法律效力。
第五十九条 人民法院对上诉案件，认为事实清楚的，可以实行书面审理。
第六十条 人民法院审理上诉案件，应当在收到上诉状之日起两个月内作出
终审判决。有特殊情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理上
诉案件需要延长的，由最高人民法院批准。
第六十一条 人民法院审理上诉案件，按照下列情形，分别处理：
（一）原判决认定事实清楚，适用法律、法规正确的，判决驳回上诉，维持
原判；
（二）原判决认定事实清楚，但是适用法律、法规错误的，依法改判；
（三）原判决认定事实不清，证据不足，或者由于违反法定程序可能影响案
件正确判决的，裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重审，也可以查清事实后改判
。当事人对重审案件的判决、裁定，可以上诉。
第六十二条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为确有错误的，
可以向原审人民法院或者上一级人民法院提出申诉，但判决、裁定不停止执行。
第六十三条 人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现违
反法律、法规规定认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会决定是否再审。
上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现违反法
律、法规规定的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。
第六十四条 人民检察院对人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现
违反法律、法规规定的，有权按照审判监督程序提出抗诉。
第八章 执 行
第六十五条 当事人必须履行人民法院发生法律效力的判决、裁定。
公民、法人或者其他组织拒绝履行判决、裁定的，行政机关可以向第一审人
民法院申请强制执行，或者依法强制执行。
行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定的，第一审人民法院可以采取以下措施：
（一）对应当归还的罚款或者应当给付的赔偿金，通知银行从该行政机关的
帐户内划拨；
（二）在规定期限内不执行的，从期满之日起，对该行政机关按日处五十元
至一百元的罚款；
（三）向该行政机关的上一级行政机关或者监察、人事机关提出司法建议。
接受司法建议的机关，根据有关规定进行处理，并将处理情况告知人民法院；
（四）拒不执行判决、裁定，情节严重构成犯罪的，依法追究主管人员和直
接责任人员的刑事责任。
第六十六条 公民、法人或者其他组织对具体行政行为在法定期间不提起诉
讼又不履行的，行政机关可以申请人民法院强制执行，或者依法强制执行。
第九章 侵权赔偿责任
第六十七条 公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益受到行政机关或者行政机
关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯造成损害的，有权请求赔偿。
公民、法人或者其他组织单独就损害赔偿提出请求，应当先由行政机关解决
。对行政机关的处理不服，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
赔偿诉讼可以适用调解。
第六十八条 行政机关或者行政机关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯公民
、法人或者其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，由该行政机关或者该行政机关工作
人员所在的行政机关负责赔偿。
行政机关赔偿损失后，应当责令有故意或者重大过失的行政机关工作人员承
担部分或者全部赔偿费用。
第六十九条 赔偿费用，从各级财政列支。各级人民政府可以责令有责任的
行政机关支付部分或者全部赔偿费用。具体办法由国务院规定。
第十章 涉外行政诉讼
第七十条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，
适用本法。法律另有规定的除外。
第七十一条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼
，同中华人民共和国公民、组织有同等的诉讼权利和义务。
外国法院对中华人民共和国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利加以限制的，人民法
院对该国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利，实行对等原则。
第七十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的
，适用该国际条约的规定。中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第七十三条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼
，委托律师代理诉讼的，应当委托中华人民共和国律师机构的律师。
第十一章 附 则
第七十四条 人民法院审理行政案件，应当收取诉讼费用。诉讼费用由败诉
方承担，双方都有责任的由双方分担。收取诉讼费用的具体办法另行规定。
第七十五条 本法自１９９０年１０月１日起施行。
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华
人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.This English
document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THEPEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)which
is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the StateC
ouncil of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the Ch
inaLegal System Publishing House.In case of discrepancy, the original
version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PE
OPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Adopted at the Second Session of the Seventh
National People'sCongress on April 4, 1989, promulgated by Order No
. 16 of the President ofthe People's Republic of China on April 4, 1
989, and effective as ofOctober 1, 1990)
ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Scope of
Accepting CasesChapter III JurisdictionChapter IV Participants in
ProceedingsChapter V EvidenceChapter VI Bringing a Suit and Ac
cepting a CaseChapter VII Trial and JudgmentChapter VIII ExecutionC
hapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of RightsChap
ter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign InterestChapter X
I Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1Pursuant to the Constituti
on, this Law is enacted for the purpose ofensuring the correct a
nd prompt handling of administrative cases by thepeople's courts, p
rotecting the lawful rights and interests of citizens,legal persons
and other organizations, and safeguarding and supervisingthe exerc
ise of administrative powers by administrative organs inaccord
ance with the law.Article 2If a citizen, a legal person or any other o
rganization considers that hisor its lawful rights and interests have
been infringed upon by a specificadministrative act of an administra
tive organ or its personnel, he or itshall have the right to bring a
suit before a people's court in accordancewith this Law.Article 3The
people's courts shall, in accordance with the law, exercise judicial
power independently with respect to administrative cases, and shall no
t besubject to interference by any administrative organ, public orga
nizationor individual. The people's courts shall set up administrativ
e divisionsfor the handling of administrative cases.Article 4In condu
cting administrative proceedings, the people's courts shall basethem
selves on facts and take the law as the criterion.Article 5In handling
administrative cases, the people's courts shall examine thelegalit
y of specific administrative acts.Article 6In handling administrative
cases, the people's courts shall, as prescribedby law, apply the syste
ms of collegial panel, withdrawal of judicialpersonnel and publi
c trial and a system whereby the second instance is thefinal instance.
Article 7Parties to an administrative suit shall have equal legal posi
tions.Article 8Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to
use their nativespoken and written languages in administrative proc
eedings.In an area where people of a minority nationality live in
concentratedcommunities or where a number of nationalities live togeth
er, the people'scourts shall conduct adjudication and issue legal
documents in thelanguage or languages commonly used by the local n
ationalities.The people's courts shall provide interpretation for
participants inproceedings who do not understand the language or lan
guages commonly usedby the local nationalities.Article 9Parties to an
administrative suit shall have the right to debate.Article 10The peop
le's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legalsupe
rvision over administrative proceedings.
Chapter II Scope of Accepting CasesArticle 11The people's court
s shall accept suits brought by citizens, legal personsor other org
anizations against any of the following specificadministra
tive acts:(1) an administrative sanction, such as detention, fine, res
cission of alicense or permit, order to suspend production or busine
ss or confiscationof property, which one refuses to accept;(2) a compu
lsory administrative measure, such as restricting freedom ofthe per
son or the sealing up, seizing or freezing of property, which oneref
uses to accept;(3) infringement upon one's managerial decision-making
powers, which isconsidered to have been perpetrated by an administr
ative organ;(4) refusal by an administrative organ to issue a permit o
r license, whichone considers oneself legally qualified to apply for,
or its failure torespond to the application;(5) refusal by an admin
istrative organ to perform its statutory duty ofprotecting one's ri
ghts of the person and of property, as one has appliedfor, or its fai
lure to respond to the application;(6) cases where an administrative o
rgan is considered to have failed toissue a pension according to la
w;(7) cases where an administrative organ is considered to have ill
egallydemanded the performance of duties; and(8) cases where an admini
strative organ is considered to have infringedupon other rights of
the person and of property.Apart from the provisions set forth in t
he preceding paragraphs, thepeople's courts shall accept other ad
ministrative suits which may bebrought in accordance with the
provisions of relevant laws andregulations.Article 12The peopl
e's courts shall not accept suits brought by citizens, legalperso
ns or other organizations against any of the following matters:(1) act
s of the state in areas like national defence and foreign affairs;(2)
administrative rules and regulations, regulations, or decisions and
orders with general binding force formulated and announced
byadministrative organs;(3) decisions of an administrative organ on
awards or punishments for itspersonnel or on the appointment or relie
f of duties of its personnel; and(4) specific administrative acts that
shall, as provided for by law, befinally decided by an administrat
ive organ.
Chapter III JurisdictionArticle 13The basic people's courts sha
ll have jurisdiction as courts of firstinstance over administrat
ive cases.Article 14The intermediate people's courts shall have juri
sdiction as courts offirst instance over the following administrati
ve cases:(1) cases of confirming patent rights of invention and cases
handled bythe Customs;(2) suits against specific administrative act
s undertaken by departmentsunder the State Council or by the peop
le's governments of provinces,autonomous regions or municipaliti
es directly under the CentralGovernment; and(3) grave and comp
licated cases in areas under their jurisdiction.Article 15The higher p
eople's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of firstinstance
over grave and complicated administrative cases in areas underthei
r jurisdiction.Article 16The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdi
ction as a court of firstinstance over grave and complicated admi
nistrative cases in the wholecountry.Article 17An administrative c
ase shall be under the jurisdiction of the people'scourt in the lo
cality of the administrative organ that initially undertookthe specifi
c administrative act. A reconsidered case in which the organconduct
ing the reconsideration has amended the original specificadm
inistrative act may also be placed under the jurisdiction of th
epeople's court in the locality of the administrative organ conducting
thereconsideration.Article 18A suit against compulsory administrativ
e measures restricting freedom ofthe person shall be under the juris
diction of a people's court in theplace where the defendant or th
e plaintiff is located.Article 19An administrative suit regarding a
real property shall be under thejurisdiction of the people's cour
t in the place where the real property islocated.Article 20When two or
more people's courts have jurisdiction over a suit, theplainti
ff may have the option to bring the suit in one of these people'scou
rts. If the plaintiff brings the suit in two or more people's court
sthat have jurisdiction over the suit, the people's court that
firstreceives the bill of complaint shall have jurisdiction.Article 21
If a people's court finds that a case it has accepted is not under
itsjurisdiction, it shall transfer the case to the people's court th
at doeshave jurisdiction over the case. The people's court to which
the case hasbeen transferred shall not on its own initiative transfer
it to anotherpeople's court.Article 22If a people's court which has
jurisdiction over a case is unable toexercise its jurisdiction
for special reasons, a people's court at ahigher level shall de
signate another court to exercise the jurisdiction.If a dispute arises
over jurisdiction between people's courts, it shall beresolved by the
parties to the dispute through consultation. If thedispute can
not be resolved through consultation, it shall be reported to apeople'
s court superior to the courts in dispute for the designation ofjur
isdiction.Article 23People's courts at higher levels shall have the a
uthority to adjudicateadministrative cases over which people's cou
rts at lower levels havejurisdiction as courts of first insta
nce; they may also transferadministrative cases over which they
themselves have jurisdiction ascourts of first instance to people
's courts at lower levels for trial. Ifa people's court deems it nece
ssary for an administrative case of firstinstance under its jurisdi
ction to be adjudicated by a people's court at ahigher level, it may r
eport to such a people's court for decision.
Chapter IV Participants in ProceedingsArticle 24A citizen, a le
gal person or any other organization that brings a suit inaccordance
with this Law shall be a plaintiff.If a citizen who has the right to b
ring a suit is deceased, his nearrelatives may bring the suit.If
a legal person or any other organization that has the right to bring
asuit terminates, the legal person or any other organization that su
cceedsto its rights may bring the suit.Article 25If a citizen, a legal
person or any other organization, brings a suitdirectly before a
people's court, the administrative organ that undertookthe specific
administrative act shall be the defendant.For a reconsidered case, if
the organ that conducted the reconsiderationsustains the original s
pecific administrative act, the administrativeorgan that initially
undertook the act shall be the defendant; if theorgan that condu
cted the reconsideration has amended the original specificadministrati
ve act, the administrative organ which conducted thereconsid
eration shall be the defendant.If two or more administrative organs ha
ve undertaken the same specificadministrative act, the administrat
ive organs that have jointly undertakenthe act shall be the joint defe
ndants.If a specific administrative act has been undertaken by an o
rganizationauthorized to undertake the act by the law or reg
ulations, theorganization shall be the defendant. If a specific admi
nistrative act hasbeen undertaken by an organization as entrusted
by an administrativeorgan, the entrusting organ shall be the defend
ant.If an administrative organ has been abolished, the administrativ
e organthat carries on the exercise of functions and powers of th
e abolishedorgan shall be the defendant.Article 26A joint suit shall
be constituted when one party or both parties consistof two or more
persons and the administrative cases are against the samespecific ad
ministrative act or against the specific administrative acts ofthe sam
e nature and the people's court considers that the cases can behan
dled together.Article 27If any other citizen, legal person or any othe
r organization has interestsin a specific administrative act under lit
igation, he or it may, as athird party, file a request to partic
ipate in the proceedings or mayparticipate in them when so notifi
ed by the people's court.Article 28Any citizen with no capacity to tak
e part in litigation shall have one ormore legal representatives who
will act on his behalf in a suit. If thelegal representatives try t
o shift their responsibilities onto each other,the people's court may
appoint one of them as the representative of theprincipal in litiga
tion.Article 29Each party or legal representative may entrust one o
r two persons torepresent him in litigation.A lawyer, a public orga
nization, a near relative of the citizen bringingthe suit, or a pers
on recommended by the unit to which the citizenbringing the su
it belongs or any other citizen approved by the people'scourt may b
e entrusted as an agent ad litem.Article 30A lawyer who serves as an a
gent ad litem may consult materials pertainingto the case in acco
rdance with relevant provisions, and may alsoinvestigate among a
nd collect evidence from the organizations and citizensconcerned. If t
he information involves state secrets or the privateaffairs of
individuals, he shall keep it confidential in accordance withrelevan
t provisions of the law.With the approval of the people's court, parti
es and other agents ad litemmay consult the materials relating to the
court proceedings of the case,except those that involve state se
crets or the private affairs ofindividuals.
Chapter V EvidenceArticle 31Evidence shall be classified as fol
lows:(1) documentary evidence;(2) material evidence;(3) audio-visual m
aterial;(4) testimony of witnesses;(5) statements of the parties;(6) e
xpert conclusions; and(7) records of inquests and records made on the
scene.Any of the above-mentioned evidence must be verified by the cou
rt beforeit can be taken as a basis for ascertaining a fact.Article 3
2The defendant shall have the burden of proof for the spe
cificadministrative act he has undertaken and shall provide the evid
ence andregulatory documents in accordance with which the act has bee
n undertaken.Article 33In the course of legal proceedings, the defenda
nt shall not by himselfcollect evidence from the plaintiff and wit
nesses.Article 34A people's court shall have the authority to requ
est the parties toprovide or supplement evidence.A people's court s
hall have the authority to obtain evidence from therelevant admin
istrative organs, other organizations or citizens.Article 35In the cou
rse of legal proceedings, when a people's court considers thatan exp
ert evaluation for a specialized problem is necessary, the expertev
aluation shall be made by an expert evaluation department as specifi
edby law. In the absence of such a department, the people's court
shalldesignate one to conduct the expert evaluation.Article 36Under c
ircumstances where there is a likelihood that evidence may bedes
troyed or lost or difficult to obtain later on, the participants i
nproceedings may apply to the people's court for the evidence t
o bepreserved. The people's court may also on its own initiative take
measuresto preserve such evidence.
Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a CaseArticle 37A citi
zen, a legal person or any other organization may, within the scopeof
cases acceptable to the people's courts, apply to an administrati
veorgan at the next higher level or to an administrative organ as pres
cribedby the law or regulations for reconsideration, anyone who r
efuses toaccept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit befor
e a people'scourt; a citizen, a legal person or any other organizati
on may also bringa suit directly before a people's court.In circumsta
nces where, in accordance with relevant provisions of laws orregulati
ons, a citizen, a legal person or any other organization shallfirs
t apply to an administrative organ for reconsideration and then bring
a suit before a people's court, if he or it refuses to accept
thereconsideration decision, the provisions of the laws or regulation
s shallapply.Article 38If a citizen, a legal person or any other o
rganization applies to anadministrative organ for reconsideration,
the organ shall make a decisionwithin two months from the day of the
receipt of the application, exceptas otherwise provided for by law o
r regulations. Anyone who refuses toaccept the reconsideration dec
ision may bring a suit before a people'scourt within 15 days from
the day of the receipt of the reconsiderationdecision. If the admin
istrative organ conducting the reconsideration failsto make a decision
on the expiration of the time limit, the applicant maybring a suit b
efore a people's court within 15 days after the time limitfor recons
ideration expires, except as otherwise provided for by law.Article 39I
f a citizen, a legal person or any other organization brings a s
uitdirectly before a people's court, he or it shall do so within three
monthsfrom the day when he or it knows that a specific administrativ
e act hasbeen undertaken, except as otherwise provided for by law.Ar
ticle 40If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization fails
to observethe time limit prescribed by law due to force majeure or
other specialreasons, he or it may apply for an extent of the time
limit within tendays after the obstacle is removed; the requested
extent shall be decidedby a people's court.Article 41The following re
quirements shall be met when a suit is brought:(1) the plaintiff must
be a citizen, a legal person or any otherorganization that
considers a specific administrative act to haveinfringed upon
his or its lawful rights and interests;(2) there must be a specific de
fendant or defendants;(3) there must be a specific claim and a corresp
onding factual basis forthe suit; and (4) the suit must fall within
the scope of cases acceptableto the people's courts and the specific
jurisdiction of the people's courtwhere it is filed.Article 42When a p
eople's court receives a bill of complaint, it shall, uponexam
ination, file a case within seven days or decide to reject the
complaint. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the decision, he may ap
pealto a people's court.
Chapter VII Trial and JudgmentArticle 43A people's court shall
send a copy of the bill of complaint to thedefendant within fi
ve days of filing the case. The defendant shall providethe people's co
urt with the documents on the basis of which a specificadministrat
ive act has been undertaken and file a bill of defence withinten day
s of receiving the copy of the bill of complaint. The people'scou
rt shall send a copy of the bill of defence to the plaintiff withi
nfive days of receiving it. Failure by the defendant to file a bil
l ofdefence shall not prevent the case from being tried by the people
's court.Article 44During the time of legal proceedings, executi
on of the specificadministrative act shall not be suspended. E
xecution of the specificadministrative act shall be suspended
under one of the followingcircumstances:(1) where suspension is d
eemed necessary by the defendant;(2) where suspension of execution is
ordered by the people's court at therequest of the plaintiff because,
in the view of the people's court,execution of the specific a
dministrative act will cause irremediablelosses and suspension of
the execution will not harm public interests; or(3) where suspension o
f execution is required by the provisions of laws orregulations.Articl
e 45Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried in
public,except for those that involve state secrets or the private
affairs ofindividuals or are otherwise provided for by law.Article 4
6Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried by a coll
egialpanel of judges or of judges and assessors. The number of membe
rs of acollegial panel shall be an odd number of three or more.Artic
le 47If a party considers a member of the judicial personnel to
have aninterest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, which
may affectthe impartial handling of the case, the party shall hav
e the right todemand his withdrawal.If a member of the judicial
personnel considers himself to have aninterest in the case or to
be otherwise related to it, he shall apply forwithdrawal.The provisio
ns of the two preceding paragraphs shall apply to courtclerks,
interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who conduct inquests.The wi
thdrawal of the president of the court as the chief judge shall bede
cided by the court's adjudication committee; the withdrawal of a memb
erof the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the c
ourt;the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the chief j
udge.Parties who refuse to accept the decision may apply for reconside
ration.Article 48If the plaintiff refuses to appear in court withou
t justified reasonsafter being twice legally summoned by the people'
s court, the court shallconsider this an application for the withdr
awal of the suit; if thedefendant refuses to appear in court with
out justified reasons, the courtmay make a judgment by default.Articl
e 49If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits an
y of thefollowing acts, the people's court may, according to the ser
iousness ofhis offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement
of repentance orimpose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan or
detain him for notlonger than 15 days; if a crime is const
ituted, his criminalresponsibility shall be investigated:(1) evadi
ng without reason, refusing to assist in or obstructing theexecu
tion of the notice of a people's court for assistance in itse
xecution by a person who has the duty to render assistance;(2) forging
, concealing or destroying evidence;(3) instigating, suborning or thre
atening others to commit perjury orhindering witnesses from givin
g testimony;(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying the pr
operty that hasbeen sealed up, seized or frozen;(5) using violence, t
hreats or other means to hinder the personnel of apeople's court fr
om performing their duties or disturbing the order of thework of a peo
ple's court; or (6) insulting, slandering, framing, beatingor retali
ating against the personnel of a people's court, participants inproce
edings or personnel who assist in the execution of duties; A fine ord
etention must be approved by the president of a people's court. Part
ieswho refuse to accept the punishment decision may appl
y forreconsideration.Article 50A people's court shall not appl
y conciliation in handling anadministrative case.Article 51Bef
ore a people's court announces its judgment or order on a
nadministrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the withdrawal of
thesuit, or if the defendant amends its specific administrative act
and, as aresult, the plaintiff agrees and applies for the withdrawal o
f the suit,the people's court shall decide whether or not to grant t
he approval.Article 52In handling administrative cases, the people's c
ourts shall take the law,administrative rules and regulations and
local regulations as thecriteria. Local regulations shall be app
licable to administrative caseswithin the corresponding administrat
ive areas. In handling administrativecases of a national autonomous a
rea, the people's courts shall also takethe regulations on autonomy
and separate regulations of the nationalautonomous area as the c
riteria.Article 53In handling administrative cases, the people's co
urts shall take, asreferences, regulations formulated and annou
nced by ministries orcommissions under the State Council in a
ccordance with the law andadministrative rules and regulations, de
cisions or orders of the StateCouncil and regulations formulated a
nd announced, in accordance with thelaw and administrative rules and
regulations of the State Council, by thepeople's governments of prov
inces, autonomous regions and municipalitiesdirectly under the Centr
al Government, of the cities where the people'sgovernments of provi
nces and autonomous regions are located, and of thelarger cities ap
proved as such by the State Council.If a people's court considers regu
lations formulated and announced by alocal people's government to b
e inconsistent with regulations formulatedand announced by a ministr
y or commission under the State Council, or ifit considers regulat
ions formulated and announced by ministries orcommissions under
the State Council to be inconsistent with each other,the Supreme Pe
ople's Court shall refer the matter to the State Council forinterpreta
tion or ruling.Article 54After hearing a case, a people's court shall
make the following judgmentsaccording to the varying conditions:(1) I
f the evidence for undertaking a specific administrative act isc
onclusive, the application of the law and regulations to the act
iscorrect, and the legal procedure is complied with, the s
pecificadministrative act shall be sustained by judgment.(2) If a spec
ific administrative act has been undertaken in one of thefollowing
circumstances, the act shall be annulled or partially annulledby ju
dgment, or the defendant may be required by judgment to undertake as
pecific administrative act anew:a. inadequacy of essential evidence;b.
erroneous application of the law or regulations;c. violation of legal
procedure;d. exceeding authority; ore. abuse of powers.(3) If a defen
dant fails to perform or delays the performance of hisstatutory
duty, a fixed time shall be set by judgment for his performanceof the
duty.(4) If an administrative sanction is obviously unfair, it may b
e amendedby judgment.Article 55A defendant who has been judged by
a people's court to undertake aspecific administrative act anew m
ust not, based on the same fact andreason, undertake a specific a
dministrative act essentially identical withthe original act.Article 5
6In handling administrative cases, if a people's court considers the
headof an administrative organ or the person directly in charge
to haveviolated administrative discipline, it shall transfer t
he relevantmaterials to the administrative organ or the administrati
ve organ at thenext higher level or to a supervisory or personne
l department; if apeople's court considers the person to have commi
tted a crime, it shalltransfer the relevant materials to the public
security and procuratorialorgans.Article 57A people's court shall p
ass a judgment of first instance within threemonths from the day
of filing the case. Extent of the time limitnecessitated by
special circumstances shall be approved by a higherpeople's cou
rt, extent of the time limit for handling a case of firstinstance
by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handlinga ca
se of first instance by a higher people's court shall be approved by
the Supreme People's Court.Article 58If a party refuses to accept a ju
dgment of first instance by a people'scourt, he shall have the righ
t to file an appeal with the people's courtat the next higher level
within 15 days of the serving of the writtenjudgment. If a party
refuses to accept an order of first instance by apeople's court, h
e shall have the right to file an appeal with thepeople's cour
t at the next higher level within 10 days of the serving ofthe writt
en order. All judgments and orders of first instance by apeopl
e's court that have not been appealed within the prescribed timel
imit shall be legally effective.Article 59A people's court may handle
an appealed case by examining the courtrecords, if it considers
the facts clearly ascertained.Article 60In handling an appealed case,
a people's court shall make a final judgmentwithin two months from th
e day of receiving the appeal. Extent of the timelimit necessitated by
special circumstances shall be approved by a higherpeople's court, e
xtent of the time limit for handling an appealed case bya higher peop
le's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.Article 61A
people's court shall handle an appealed case respectively according
tothe conditions set forth below:(1) if the facts are clearly ascerta
ined and the law and regulations arecorrectly applied in the origina
l judgment, the appeal shall be rejectedand the original judgment su
stained;(2) if the facts are clearly ascertained but the law and regu
lations areincorrectly applied in the original judgment, the jud
gment shall beamended according to the law and regulations; or(3) if
the facts are not clearly ascertained in the original judgment orth
e evidence is insufficient, or a violation of the prescribed procedu
remay have affected the correctness of the original judgment, the or
iginaljudgment shall be rescinded and the case remanded to the origina
l people'scourt for retrial, or the people's court of the second insta
nce may amendthe judgment after investigating and clarifying the fact
s. The parties mayappeal against the judgment or order rendered in a r
etrial of their case.Article 62If a party considers that a legally eff
ective judgment or order containssome definite error, he may make co
mplaints to the people's court whichtried the case or to a people's
court at a higher level, but the executionof the judgment or order sh
all not be suspended.Article 63If the president of a people's court fi
nds a violation of provisions ofthe law or regulations in a legally
effective judgment or order of hiscourt and deems it necessary to
have the case retried, he shall refer thematter to the adjudication
committee, which shall decide whether a retrialis necessary.If a peopl
e's court at a higher level finds a violation of provisions ofthe la
w or regulations in a legally effective judgment or order of ape
ople's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the ca
seup for trial itself or direct the people's court at the lower lev
el toconduct a retrial.Article 64If the people's procuratorate finds
a violation of provisions of the lawor regulations in a legally effe
ctive judgement or order of a people'scourt, it shall have the rig
ht to lodge a protest in accordance withprocedures of judicial s
upervision.
Chapter VII ExecutionArticle 65The parties must perform the leg
ally effective judgment or order of thepeople's court. If a citize
n, a legal person or any other organizationrefuses to perform the j
udgment or order, the administrative organ mayapply to a people's
court of first instance for compulsory execution orproceed with com
pulsory execution according to law. If an administrativeorgan refuse
s to perform the judgment or order, the people's court offirst in
stance may adopt the following measures:(1) informing the bank to tran
sfer from the administrative organ's accountthe amount of the fine tha
t should be returned or the damages that shouldbe paid;(2) imposing a
fine of 50 to 100 yuan per day on an administrative organthat fails
to perform the judgment or order within the prescribed timelimit,
counting from the day when the time limit expires;(3) putting forward
a judicial proposal to the administrative organsuperior to the
administrative organ in question or to a supervisory orpersonnel d
epartment; the organ or department that accepts the judicialproposa
l shall deal with the matter in accordance with the relevantpro
visions and inform the people's court of its disposition; and(4) if an
administrative organ refuses to execute a judgment or order, andthe c
ircumstances are so serious that a crime is constituted, the head oft
he administrative organ and the person directly in charge shall
beinvestigated for criminal responsibility according to law.Article 6
6If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, during the p
eriodprescribed by law, neither brings a suit nor carries out the
specificadministrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a p
eople's courtfor compulsory execution, or proceed with compulsory exe
cution accordingto law.
Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Right
sArticle 67A citizen, a legal person or any other organization who
suffers damagebecause of the infringement upon his or its lawful righ
ts and interests bya specific administrative act of an administrative
organ or the personnelof an administrative organ, shall have the righ
t to claim compensation.If a citizen, a legal person or any ot
her organization makes anindependent claim for damages, the case sh
all first be dealt with by anadministrative organ. Anyone who refus
es to accept the disposition by theadministrative organ may file a su
it in a people's court. Conciliation maybe applied in handling a suit
for damages.Article 68If a specific administrative act undertaken by a
n administrative organ orthe personnel of an administrative organ inf
ringes upon the lawful rightsand interests of a citizen, a legal pers
on or any other organization andcauses damage, the administrative or
gan or the administrative organ towhich the above-mentioned per
sonnel belongs shall be liable forcompensation.After paying th
e compensation, the administrative organ shall instructthose membe
rs of its personnel who have committed intentional or grossmistake
s in the case to bear part or all of the damages.Article 69The cost of
compensation shall be included as an expenditure in thegovernm
ent budget at various levels. The people's governments at variouslev
els may order the administrative organs responsible for causing th
ecompensation to bear part or all of the damages. The specific mea
suresthereof shall be formulated by the State Council.
Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign InterestsA
rticle 70This Law shall be applicable to foreign nationals, stateless
persons andforeign organizations that are engaged in administrativ
e suits in thePeople's Republic of China, except as otherwise provi
ded for by law.Article 71Foreign nationals, stateless persons and fore
ign organizations that areengaged in administrative suits in the Pe
ople's Republic of China shallhave the same litigation rights
and obligations as citizens andorganizations of the People's Rep
ublic of China. Should the courts of aforeign country impose rest
rictions on the administrative litigationrights of the citizens an
d organizations of the People's Republic ofChina, the Chinese
people's courts shall follow the principle ofreciprocity regar
ding the administrative litigation rights of the citizensand organizat
ions of that foreign country.Article 72If an international treaty co
ncluded or acceded to by the People'sRepublic of China contains
provisions different from those found in thisLaw, the provisions of
the international treaty shall apply, unless theprovisions are ones
on which the People's Republic of China has announcedreservations.Ar
ticle 73When foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign o
rganizationsappoint lawyers as their agents ad litem in administrative
suits in thePeople's Republic of China, they shall appoint lawy
ers of a lawyers'organization of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter XI Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 74A people's court s
hall charge litigation fees for handling administrativecases. The lit
igation fee shall be borne by the losing party, or by bothparties if
they are both held responsible. The procedure for the chargingof lit
igation fees shall be specified separately.Article 75This Law shall co
me into force as of October 1, 1990.
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