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中华人民共和国著作权法(附英文)
《中华人民共和国著作权法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会
常务委员会第十五次会议于１９９０年９月７日通过，现予公布，自１９９１年
６月１日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆
１９９０年９月７日
目 录第一章 总 则第二章 著作权 第一节 著作权人及其权利 第
二节 著作权归属 第三节 权利的保护期 第四节 权利的限制第三章 著作
权许可使用合同第四章 出版、表演、录音录像、播放 第一节 图书、报刊的
出版 第二节 表 演 第三节 录音录像 第四节 广播电台、电视台播放第
五章 法律责任第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保护文学、艺术和科学作品作者的著作权，以及与著作权有关的
权益，鼓励有益于社会主义精神文明、物质文明建设的作品的创作和传播，促进
社会主义文化和科学事业的发展与繁荣，根据宪法制定本法。
第二条 中国公民、法人或者非法人单位的作品，不论是否发表，依照本法
享有著作权。
外国人的作品首先在中国境内发表的，依照本法享有著作权。
外国人在中国境内发表的作品，根据其所属国同中国签订的协议或者共同参
加的国际条约享有的著作权，受本法保护。
第三条 本法所称的作品，包括以下列形式创作的文学、艺术和自然科学、
社会科学、工程技术等作品：
（一）文字作品；
（二）口述作品；
（三）音乐、戏剧、曲艺、舞蹈作品；
（四）美术、摄影作品；
（五）电影、电视、录像作品；
（六）工程设计、产品设计图纸及其说明；
（七）地图、示意图等图形作品；
（八）计算机软件；
（九）法律、行政法规规定的其他作品。
第四条 依法禁止出版、传播的作品，不受本法保护。
著作权人行使著作权，不得违反宪法和法律，不得损害公共利益。
第五条 本法不适用于：
（一）法律、法规，国家机关的决议、决定、命令和其他具有立法、行政、
司法性质的文件，及其官方正式译文；
（二）时事新闻；
（三）历法、数表、通用表格和公式。
第六条 民间文学艺术作品的著作权保护办法由国务院另行规定。
第七条 科学技术作品中应当由专利法、技术合同法等法律保护的，适用专
利法、技术合同法等法律的规定。
第八条 国务院著作权行政管理部门主管全国的著作权管理工作；各省、自
治区、直辖市人民政府的著作权行政管理部门主管本行政区域的著作权管理工作
。
第二章 著作权 第一节 著作权人及其权利
第九条 著作权人包括：
（一）作者；
（二）其他依照本法享有著作权的公民、法人或者非法人单位。
第十条 著作权包括下列人身权和财产权：
（一）发表权，即决定作品是否公之于众的权利；
（二）署名权，即表明作者身份，在作品上署名的权利；
（三）修改权，即修改或者授权他人修改作品的权利；
（四）保护作品完整权，即保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利；
（五）使用权和获得报酬权，即以复制、表演、播放、展览、发行、摄制电
影、电视、录像或者改编、翻译、注释、编辑等方式使用作品的权利；以及许可
他人以上述方式使用作品，并由此获得报酬的权利。
第二章 著作权 第二节 著作权归属
第十一条 著作权属于作者，本法另有规定的除外。
创作作品的公民是作者。
由法人或者非法人单位主持，代表法人或者非法人单位意志创作，并由法人
或者非法人单位承担责任的作品，法人或者非法人单位视为作者。
如无相反证明，在作品上署名的公民、法人或者非法人单位为作者。
第十二条 改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品，其著作权由改
编、翻译、注释、整理人享有，但行使著作权时，不得侵犯原作品的著作权。
第十三条 两人以上合作创作的作品，著作权由合作作者共同享有。没有参
加创作的人，不能成为合作作者。
合作作品可以分割使用的，作者对各自创作的部分可以单独享有著作权，但
行使著作权时不得侵犯合作作品整体的著作权。
第十四条 编辑作品由编辑人享有著作权，但行使著作权时，不得侵犯原作
品的著作权。
编辑作品中可以单独使用的作品的作者有权单独行使其著作权。
第十五条 电影、电视、录像作品的导演、编剧、作词、作曲、摄影等作者
享有署名权，著作权的其他权利由制作电影、电视、录像作品的制片者享有。
电影、电视、录像作品中剧本、音乐等可以单独使用的作品的作者有权单独
行使其著作权。
第十六条 公民为完成法人或者非法人单位工作任务所创作的作品是职务作
品，除本条第二款的规定以外，著作权由作者享有，但法人或者非法人单位有权
在其业务范围内优先使用。作品完成两年内，未经单位同意，作者不得许可第三
人以与单位使用的相同方式使用该作品。
有下列情形之一的职务作品，作者享有署名权，著作权的其他权利由法人或
者非法人单位享有，法人或者非法人单位可以给予作者奖励：
（一）主要是利用法人或者非法人单位的物质技术条件创作，并由法人或者
非法人单位承担责任的工程设计、产品设计图纸及其说明、计算机软件、地图等
职务作品；
（二）法律、行政法规规定或者合同约定著作权由法人或者非法人单位享有
的职务作品。
第十七条 受委托创作的作品，著作权的归属由委托人和受托人通过合同约
定。合同未作明确约定或者没有订立合同的，著作权属于受托人。
第十八条 美术等作品原件所有权的转移，不视为作品著作权的转移，但美
术作品原件的展览权由原件所有人享有。
第十九条 著作权属于公民的，公民死亡后，其作品的使用权和获得报酬权
在本法规定的保护期内，依照继承法的规定转移。
著作权属于法人或者非法人单位的，法人或者非法人单位变更、终止后，其
作品的使用权和获得报酬权在本法规定的保护期内，由承受其权利义务的法人或
者非法人单位享有；没有承受其权利义务的法人或者非法人单位的，由国家享有
。
第二章 著作权 第三节 权利的保护期
第二十条 作者的署名权、修改权、保护作品完整权的保护期不受限制。
第二十一条 公民的作品，其发表权、使用权和获得报酬权的保护期为作者
终生及其死亡后五十年，截止于作者死亡后第五十年的１２月３１日；如果是合
作作品，截止于最后死亡的作者死亡后的第五十年的１２月３１日。
法人或者非法人单位的作品、著作权（署名权除外）由法人或者非法人单位
享有的职务作品，其发表权、使用权和获得报酬权的保护期为五十年，截止于作
品首次发表后第五十年的１２月３１日，但作品自创作完成后五十年内未发表的
，本法不再保护。
电影、电视、录像和摄影作品的发表权、使用权和获得报酬权的保护期为五
十年，截止于作品首次发表后第五十年的１２月３１日，但作品自创作完成后五
十年内未发表的，本法不再保护。
第二章 著作权 第四节 权利的限制
第二十二条 在下列情况下使用作品，可以不经著作权人许可，不向其支付
报酬，但应当指明作者姓名、作品名称，并且不得侵犯著作权人依照本法享有的
其他权利：
（一）为个人学习、研究或者欣赏，使用他人已经发表的作品；
（二）为介绍、评论某一作品或者说明某一问题，在作品中适当引用他人已
经发表的作品；
（三）为报道时事新闻，在报纸、期刊、广播、电视节目或者新闻纪录影片
中引用已经发表的作品；
（四）报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台刊登或者播放其他报纸、期刊、广播
电台、电视台已经发表的社论、评论员文章；
（五）报纸、期刊、广播电台、电视台刊登或者播放在公众集会上发表的讲
话，但作者声明不许刊登、播放的除外；
（六）为学校课堂教学或者科学研究，翻译或者少量复制已经发表的作品，
供教学或者科研人员使用，但不得出版发行；
（七）国家机关为执行公务使用已经发表的作品；
（八）图书馆、档案馆、纪念馆、博物馆、美术馆等为陈列或者保存版本的
需要，复制本馆收藏的作品；
（九）免费表演已经发表的作品；
（十）对设置或者陈列在室外公共场所的艺术作品进行临摹、绘画、摄影、
录像；
（十一）将已经发表的汉族文字作品翻译成少数民族文字在国内出版发行；
（十二）将已经发表的作品改成盲文出版。
以上规定适用于对出版者、表演者、录音录像制作者、广播电台、电视台的
权利的限制。
第三章 著作权许可使用合同
第二十三条 使用他人作品应当同著作权人订立合同或者取得许可，本法规
定可以不经许可的除外。
第二十四条 合同包括下列主要条款：
（一）许可使用作品的方式；
（二）许可使用的权利是专有使用权或者非专有使用权；
（三）许可使用的范围、期间；
（四）付酬标准和办法；
（五）违约责任；
（六）双方认为需要约定的其他内容。
第二十五条 合同中著作权人未明确许可的权利，未经著作权人许可，另一
方当事人不得行使。
第二十六条 合同的有效期限不超过十年。合同期满可以续订。
第二十七条 使用作品的付酬标准由国务院著作权行政管理部门会同有关部
门制定。
合同另有约定的，也可以按照合同支付报酬。
第二十八条 出版者、表演者、录音录像制作者、广播电台、电视台等依照
本法取得他人的著作权使用权的，不得侵犯作者的署名权、修改权、保护作品完
整权和获得报酬权。
第四章 出版、表演、录音录像、播放 第一节 图书、报刊的出版
第二十九条 图书出版者出版图书应当和著作权人订立出版合同，并支付报
酬。
第三十条 图书出版者对著作权人交付出版的作品，在合同约定期间享有专
有出版权。合同约定图书出版者享有专有出版权的期限不得超过十年，合同期满
可以续订。
图书出版者在合同约定期间享有的专有出版权受法律保护，他人不得出版该
作品。
第三十一条 著作权人应当按照合同约定期限交付作品。图书出版者应当按
照合同约定的出版质量、期限出版图书。
图书出版者不按照合同约定期限出版，应当依照本法第四十七条的规定承担
民事责任。
图书出版者重印、再版作品的，应当通知著作权人，并支付报酬。图书脱销
后，图书出版者拒绝重印、再版的，著作权人有权终止合同。
第三十二条 著作权人向报社、杂志社投稿的，自稿件发出之日起十五日内
未收到报社通知决定刊登的，或者自稿件发出之日起三十日内未收到杂志社通知
决定刊登的，可以将同一作品向其他报社、杂志社投稿。双方另有约定的除外。
作品刊登后，除著作权人声明不得转载、摘编的外，其他报刊可以转载或者
作为文摘、资料刊登，但应当按照规定向著作权人支付报酬。
第三十三条 图书出版者经作者许可，可以对作品修改、删节。
报社、杂志社可以对作品作文字性修改、删节，对内容的修改，应当经作者
许可。
第三十四条 出版改编、翻译、注释、整理、编辑已有作品而产生的作品，
应当向改编、翻译、注释、整理、编辑作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人支付
报酬。
第四章 出版、表演、录音录像、播放 第二节 表演
第三十五条 表演者（演员、演出单位）使用他人未发表的作品演出，应当
取得著作权人许可，并支付报酬。
表演者使用他人已发表的作品进行营业性演出，可以不经著作权人许可，但
应当按照规定支付报酬；著作权人声明不许使用的不得使用。
表演者使用改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品进行营业性演出
，应当按照规定向改编、翻译、注释、整理作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人
支付报酬。
表演者为制作录音录像和广播、电视节目进行表演使用他人作品的，适用本
法第三十七条、第四十条的规定。
第三十六条 表演者对其表演享有下列权利：
（一）表明表演者身份；
（二）保护表演者形象不受歪曲；
（三）许可他人从现场直播；
（四）许可他人为营利目的录音录像，并获得报酬。
第四章 出版、表演、录音录像、播放 第三节 录音录像
第三十七条 录音制作者使用他人未发表的作品制作录音制品，应当取得著
作权人的许可，并支付报酬。使用他人已发表的作品制作录音制品，可以不经著
作权人许可，但应当按照规定支付报酬；著作权人声明不许使用的不得使用。
录像制作者使用他人作品制作录像制品，应当取得著作权人的许可，并支付
报酬。
录音录像制作者使用改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品，应当
向改编、翻译、注释、整理作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人支付报酬。
第三十八条 录音录像制作者制作录音录像制品，应当同表演者订立合同，
并支付报酬。
第三十九条 录音录像制作者对其制作的录音录像制品，享有许可他人复制
发行并获得报酬的权利。该权利的保护期为五十年，截止于该制品首次出版后第
五十年的１２月３１日。
被许可复制发行的录音录像制作者还应当按照规定向著作权人和表演者支付
报酬。
第四章 出版、表演、录音录像、播放 第四节 广播电台、电视台播放
第四十条 广播电台、电视台使用他人未发表的作品制作广播、电视节目，
应当取得著作权人的许可，并支付报酬。
广播电台、电视台使用他人已发表的作品制作广播、电视节目，可以不经著
作权人许可，但著作权人声明不许使用的不得使用；并且除本法规定可以不支付
报酬的以外，应当按照规定支付报酬。
广播电台、电视台使用改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品制作
广播、电视节目，应当向改编、翻译、注释、整理作品的著作权人和原作品的著
作权人支付报酬。
第四十一条 广播电台、电视台制作广播、电视节目，应当同表演者订立合
同，并支付报酬。
第四十二条 广播电台、电视台对其制作的广播、电视节目，享有下列权利
：
（一）播放；
（二）许可他人播放，并获得报酬；
（三）许可他人复制发行其制作的广播、电视节目，并获得报酬。
前款规定的权利的保护期为五十年，截止于该节目首次播放后第五十年的１
２月３１日。
被许可复制发行的录音录像制作者还应当按照规定向著作权人和表演者支付
报酬。
第四十三条 广播电台、电视台非营业性播放已经出版的录音制品，可以不
经著作权人、表演者、录音制作者许可，不向其支付报酬。
第四十四条 电视台播放他人的电影、电视和录像，应当取得电影、电视制
片者和录像制作者的许可，并支付报酬。
第五章 法律责任
第四十五条 有下列侵权行为的，应当根据情况，承担停止侵害、消除影响
、公开赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任：
（一）未经著作权人许可，发表其作品的；
（二）未经合作作者许可，将与他人合作创作的作品当作自己单独创作的作
品发表的；
（三）没有参加创作，为谋取个人名利，在他人作品上署名的；
（四）歪曲、篡改他人作品的；
（五）未经著作权人许可，以表演、播放、展览、发行、摄制电影、电视、
录像或者改编、翻译、注释、编辑等方式使用作品的，本法另有规定的除外；
（六）使用他人作品，未按照规定支付报酬的；
（七）未经表演者许可，从现场直播其表演的；
（八）其他侵犯著作权以及与著作权有关的权益的行为。
第四十六条 有下列侵权行为的，应当根据情况，承担停止侵害、消除影响
、公开赔礼道歉、赔偿损失等民事责任，并可以由著作权行政管理部门给予没收
非法所得、罚款等行政处罚：
（一）剽窃、抄袭他人作品的；
（二）未经著作权人许可，以营利为目的，复制发行其作品的；
（三）出版他人享有专有出版权的图书的；
（四）未经表演者许可，对其表演制作录音录像出版的；
（五）未经录音录像制作者许可，复制发行其制作的录音录像的；
（六）未经广播电台、电视台许可，复制发行其制作的广播、电视节目的；
（七）制作、出售假冒他人署名的美术作品的。
第四十七条 当事人不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定条件的，
应当依照民法通则有关规定承担民事责任。
第四十八条 著作权侵权纠纷可以调解，调解不成或者调解达成协议后一方
反悔的，可以向人民法院起诉。当事人不愿调解的，也可以直接向人民法院起诉
。
第四十九条 著作权合同纠纷可以调解，也可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者
事后达成的书面仲裁协议，向著作权仲裁机构申请仲裁。
对于仲裁裁决，当事人应当履行。当事人一方不履行仲裁裁决的，另一方可
以申请人民法院执行。
受申请的人民法院发现仲裁裁决违法的，有权不予执行。人民法院不予执行
的，当事人可以就合同纠纷向人民法院起诉。
当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有书面仲裁协议的，可以直接
向人民法院起诉。
第五十条 当事人对行政处罚不服的，可以在收到行政处罚决定书三个月内
向人民法院起诉，期满不起诉又不履行的，著作权行政管理部门可以申请人民法
院执行。
第六章 附 则
第五十一条 本法所称的著作权与版权系同义语。
第五十二条 本法所称的复制，指以印刷、复印、临摹、拓印、录音、录像
、翻录、翻拍等方式将作品制作一份或者多份的行为。
按照工程设计、产品设计图纸及其说明进行施工、生产工业品，不属于本法
所称的复制。
第五十三条 计算机软件的保护办法由国务院另行规定。
第五十四条 本法的实施条例由国务院著作权行政管理部门制定，报国务院
批准后施行。
第五十五条 本法规定的著作权人和出版者、表演者、录音录像制作者、广
播电台、电视台的权利，在本法施行之日尚未超过本法规定的保护期的，依照本
法予以保护。
本法施行前发生的侵权或者违约行为，依照侵权或者违约行为发生时的有关
规定和政策处理。
第五十六条 本法自１９９１年６月１日起施行。
COPYRIGHT LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA [*1]
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华
人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.This English
document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THEPEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)which
is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the StateC
ouncil of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the Ch
inaLegal System Publishing House.In case of discrepancy, the original
version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)COPYRIGHT LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA [*1](Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committe
e of theSeventh National People's Congress on September 7, 1990, p
romulgated byOrder No. 31 of the President of the People's Repub
lic of China onSeptember 7, 1990, and effective as of June 1, 1991)
ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Copyright
Section 1 Copyright Owners and Their Rights
Section 2 Ownership of Copyright
Section 3 Term of Protection of Rights
Section 4 Limitations on RightsChapter III Copyright L
icensing ContractsChapter IV Publication, Performance, Sound Record
ing, Video Recording
and Broadcasting
Section 1 Publication of Books, Newspapers and Periodica
ls
Section 2 Performance
Section 3 Sound Recording and Video Recording
Section 4 Broadcasting by Radio Station or Television
StationChapter V Legal LiabilityChapter VI Supple
mentary Provisions
Chapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1This Law is enacted, in ac
cordance with the Constitution for the purposesof protecting the copy
right of authors in their literary, artistic andscientific works
and rights and interests related to copyright, ofencouraging th
e creation and dissemination of works which would contributeto the bui
lding of an advanced socialist culture and ideology and tosocial
ist material development, and of promoting the development andfl
ourishing of socialist culture and sciences.Article 2Works of Chinese
citizens, legal persons or entities without legalpersonality,
whether published or not, shall enjoy copyright in accordancewith this
Law. Works of foreigners first published in the territory ofthe P
eople's Republic of China shall enjoy copyright in accordance witht
his Law.Any work of a foreigner published outside the territory of t
he People'sRepublic of China which is eligible to enjoy copyright und
er an agreementconcluded between the country to which the foreigner b
elongs and China, orunder an international treaty to which both countr
ies are parties, shallbe protected in accordance with this Law.Artic
le 3For the purpose of this Law, the term "works" includes w
orks ofliterature, art, natural science, social science, engineering
technologyand the like which are created in the following forms:(1)
written works;(2) oral works;(3) musical, dramatic, quyi and choreogra
phic works;(4) Works of fine art and photographic works;(5) cinematogr
aphic, television and video-graphic works;(6) drawings of engineering
designs and product designs, and descriptionsthereof;(7) maps, sketch
es and other graphic works;(8) computer software;(9) other works as pr
ovided for in law and administrative rules andregulations.Artic
le 4Works the publication or distribution of which is prohibited by la
w shallnot be protected by this law.Copyright owners, in exercising t
heir copyright, shall not violate theConstitution or laws or preju
dice the public interests.Article 5This law shall not be applicable to
:(1) laws; regulations; resolutions, decisions and orders of state organs;othe
r documents of legislative, administrative and judicial nature; and
their official translations;(2) news on current affairs; and(3) calend
ars, numerical tables, forms of general use and formulas.Article 6Meas
ures for the protection of copyright in works of folk literature and
art shall be established separately by the State Council.Article 7Wher
e any scientific or technological work is protected under the Patent
Law, the Law on Technology Contracts or similar laws, the provisions
ofthose laws shall apply.Article 8The copyright administration depar
tment under the State Council shall beresponsible for the nationwide
administration of copyright. The copyrightadministration department
under the people's government of each province,autonomous region and
municipality directly under the Central Governmentshall be responsib
le for the administration of copyright in its respectiveadministrative
area.
Chapter II CopyrightSection 1 Copyright Owners and Their Rights
Article 9The term "copyright owners" shall include:(1) authors; and(2)
other citizens, legal persons and entities without legal personalit
yenjoying copyright in accordance with this Law.Article 10The term "co
pyright" shall include the following personal rights andproperty
rights:(1) the right of publication, that is, the right to decide whe
ther to makea work available to the public;(2) the right of authorship
, that is, the right to claim authorship and tohave the author's name
indicated on his works;(3) the right of alternation, that is, the righ
t to alter or authorizeothers to alter one's work;(4) the right of
integrity, that is, the right to protect one's workagainst dist
ortion and mutilation;(5) the right of exploitation and the right to r
emuneration, that is, theright of exploiting one's work by means o
f reproduction, performance,broadcasting, exhibition distribution, m
aking cinematographic, televisionor video production, adaptation, tra
nslation, annotation, compilation andthe like, and the right of autho
rizing others to exploit one's work by theabove-mentioned means, and o
f receiving remuneration therefor.Section 2 Ownership of CopyrightArti
cle 11Except where otherwise provided in this Law, the copyright in a
work shallbelong to its author.The author of a work is the citizen who
has created the work.Where a work is created according to the will an
d under the sponsorshipand the responsibility of a legal or entity
without legal personality,such legal person or entity without lega
l personality shall be deemed tobe the author of the work. The citi
zen, legal person or entity withoutlegal personality whose name is
indicated on a work shall, in the absenceof proof to the contrary,
be deemed to be the author of the workArticle 12Where a work
is created by adaptation, translation, annotation orarrangemen
t of a pre-existing work, the copyright in the work thus createdshall
be enjoyed by the adaptor, translator or arranger, provided that theex
ercise of such copyright shall not prejudice the copyright in t
heoriginal work.Article 13Where a work is created jointly by two or mo
re co-authors, the copyrightin the work shall be enjoyed jointly by
those co-authors. Any person whohas not participated in the creation
of the work may not claim the co-authorship.If a work of joint au
thorship can be separated into independent parts andexploited separat
ely, each co-author may be entitled to independentcopyright in
the parts that he has created, provided that the exercise ofsuch copy
right shall not prejudice the copyright in the joint work as awhole
.Article 14The copyright in a work created by compilation shall be e
njoyed by thecompiler, provided that the exercise of such copyright
shall not prejudicethe copyright in the preexisting works included in
the compilation.The authors of such works included in a compilation as
can be exploitedseparately shall be entitled to exercise their cop
yright in their worksindependently.Article 15The director, screen
writer, lyricist, composer, cameraman and otherauthors of a cinem
atographic, television or video-graphic work shall enjoythe right of a
uthorship in the work, while the other rights included inthe copyri
ght shall be enjoyed by the producer of the work.The authors of screen
play, musical works and other works that are includedin a cinematogr
aphic, television or video-graphic work and can beexploited se
parately shall be entitled to exercise their copyrightindepende
ntly.Article 16A work created by a citizen in the fulfillment of tasks
assigned to him bya legal person or entity without legal personality
shall be deemed to be awork created in the course of employment. The c
opyright in such a workshall, subject to the provisions of the sec
ond paragraph of this Article,be enjoyed by the author, provided that
the legal person or entity withoutlegal personality shall have a righ
t of priority to exploit the workwithin the scope of its profess
ional activities. During the two yearsafter the completion of the
work, the author may not, without the consentof the legal person or
entity without legal personality, authorize a thirdparty to exploit th
e work int the same way as the legal person or entitywithout legal p
ersonality does. The author of a work created in thecourse of e
mployment in one of the following circumstances shall enjoy theright o
f authorship, while the legal person or entity without legalper
sonality shall enjoy the other rights included in the copyright and ma
yreward the author:(1) drawings of engineering designs and product des
igns and descriptionsthereof; computer software; maps and other work
s created in the course ofemployment mainly with the material and tec
hnical resources of the legalperson or entity without legal personal
ity and under its responsibility;(2) works created in the course of em
ployment where the copyright is, inaccordance with laws, administrat
ive rules and regulations or contractsconcerned, enjoyed by the
legal person or entity without legalpersonality.Article 17The
ownership of copyright in a commissioned work shall be agreed upon i
na contract between the commissioning and the commissioned parties. In
theabsence of a contract or of an explicit agreement in the contr
act, thecopyright in such a work shall belong to the commissioned par
ty.Article 18The transfer of ownership of the original copy of a work
of fine art, orother works, shall not be deemed to include the trans
fer of the copyrightin such work, provided that the right to exhibit
the original copy of awork of fine art shall be enjoyed by the owne
r of such original copy.Article 19Where the copyright in a work be
longs to a citizen, the right ofexploitation and the right to re
muneration in respect of the work shall,after his death, during the
term of protection provided for in this Law,be transferred in accord
ance with the provisions of the Law of Succession.Where the copyright
in a work belongs to a legal person or entity withoutlegal personalit
y, the right of exploitation and the right to remunerationshall, after
the change or the termination of the legal person or entitywithout
legal personality, during the term of protection provided for inthis
Law, be enjoyed by the succeeding legal person or entity without
legal personality which has taken over the former's rights
andobligations, or, in the absence of such a successor entity, by the
state.Section 3 Term of Protection of RightsArticle 20The term of pro
tection of the rights of authorship, alteration, andintegrity o
f an author shall be unlimited.Article 21The term of protection of
the right of publication, the right ofexploitation and the righ
t to remuneration in respect of a work of acitizen shall be the
life time of the author and fifty years after hisdeath, expiring o
n December 31 of the fiftieth year after his death. Inthe case of a
work of joint authorship, such term shall expire on December31 of the
fiftieth year after the death of the last surviving author. Theterm
of protection of the right of publication, the right of exploitationa
nd the right to remuneration in respect of a work where the copyri
ghtbelongs to a legal person or entity without legal personality,
or inrespect of a work created in the course of employment where
the legalperson or entity without legal personality enjoys the cop
yright (exceptthe right of authorship), shall be fifty years, expirin
g on December 31 ofthe fiftieth year after the first publication of su
ch work, provided thatany such work that has not been published withi
n fifty years after thecompletion of its creation shall no longer
be protected under this Law.The term of protection of the right
of publication, the right ofexploitation and the right to
remuneration in respect of acinematographic, television, video
-graphic or photographic work shall befifty years, expiring on Decem
ber 31 of the fiftieth year after the firstpublication of such work,
provided that any such work that has not beenpublished within fifty
years after the completion of its creation shall nolonger be protecte
d under this Law.Section 4 Limitations on RightsArticle 22In the follo
wing cases, a work may be used without permission from, andwithout
payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that thename
of the author and the title of the work shall be indicated and the
other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner by virtue of this Law s
hallnot be prejudiced:(1) use of a published work of others for the us
er's own private study,research or self entertainment;(2) appropria
te quotation from a published work of others in one's workfor the
purposes of introduction to, or comment on, a work, ordemon
stration of a point;(3) use of a published work in newspapers, periodi
cals, radio programmes,television programmes or newsreels for the pur
pose of reporting currentaffairs;(4) reprinting by newspapers or pe
riodicals, or rebroadcasting by radiostations or television station
s, of editorials or commentator's articlespublished by other newspap
ers, periodicals, radio stations or televisionstations;(5) publicati
on in newspapers or periodicals, or broadcasting by radiostations
or television stations, of a speech delivered at a publicgathe
ring, except where the author has declared that the publication orb
roadcasting is not permitted;(6) translation or reproduction in a sm
all quantity of copies, of apublished work for use by teachers or
scientific researchers, in classroomteaching or scientific researc
h, provided that the translation orreproduction shall not be pub
lished or distributed;(7) use of a published work by a state organ for
the purpose of performingits official duties;(8) reproduction of a wo
rk in its collections by a library, an archivescenter, a memorial
hall, a museum, an art gallery or a similarinstitution, for
the purposes of display, or preservation of a copy, ofthe work;(9)
free performance of a published work;(10) copying, drawing, photograp
hing, or video recording of an artisticwork located or on display i
n an outdoor public place;(11) translation of a published work fro
m the language of the Hannationality into minority nationality
languages for publication anddistribution in the country;(12) tra
nsliteration of a published work into Braille and publication ofthe
work so transliterated.The above limitations on rights shall be applic
able also to the rights ofpublishers, performers, producers of s
ound recordings and videorecordings, radio stations and televisi
on stations.
Chapter III Copyright Licensing ContractsArticle 23Anyone who e
xploits a work created by others shall, except where nopermissi
on is required in accordance with the provisions of this Law,conc
lude a contract with, or otherwise obtain permission from, the
copyright owner.Article 24A contract shall include the following basic
clauses:(1) the manner of exploitation of the work covered by the lic
ense;(2) the exclusive or nonexclusive nature of the right to exploit
the workcovered by the license;(3) the scope and term of the license;
(4) the amount of remuneration and the method of its payment;(5) the l
iability for breach of contract; and(6) any other matter which the con
tracting parties consider necessary.Article 25Without permission from
the copyright owner, the other party to thecontract shall not e
xercise the right which the copyright owner has notexplicitly licen
sed in the contract.Article 26The term of validity of a contract sh
all not exceed ten years. Thecontract may be renewed on expiratio
n of that term.Article 27The tariffs of remuneration for the explo
itation of works shall beestablished by the copyright administrati
on department under the StateCouncil jointly with other department
s concerned.Where otherwise agreed to in a contract, remuneration m
ay be paid inaccordance with the terms of the said contract.Article
28Publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and
videorecordings, radio stations, television stations and other entit
ies who orwhich have, pursuant to this Law, obtained the right o
f exploitationincluded in the copyright of others, shall not prejud
ice such authors'rights of authorship, alteration, integrity a
nd their right toremuneration.
Chapter IV Publication, Performance, Sound Recording, Video Rec
or- ding and BroadcastingSection 1 Publication of Books, Newspapers an
d PeriodicalsArticle 29A book publisher who publishes a book shall con
clude a publishing contractwith, and pay remuneration to, the copyrigh
t owner.Article 30A book publisher shall, during the term of the contr
act, have an exclusiveright to publish the work delivered to him
for publication by thecopyright owner. The term of the exclusive
right to publish the work,enjoyed by the book publisher as specifi
ed in the contract, shall notexceed ten years. The contract may b
e renewed on expiration of that term.The exclusive right to publish a
work enjoyed by the book publisher shall,during the term specified in
the contract, be protected by law, and thework may not be published
by others.Article 31The copyright owner shall deliver the work to th
e publisher within thetime limit specified in the contract. The boo
k publisher shall publish thework according to the quality requiremen
ts and within the time limitspecified in the contract. The boo
k publisher shall bear the civilliability in accordance with the
provisions of Article 47 of this Law ifhe fails to publish the work
within the time limit specified in thecontract.The book publish
er shall notify, and pay remuneration to, the copyrightowner when t
he work is to be reprinted or republished. If the bookpublishe
r refuses to reprint or republish the work when the stocks of thebook
are exhausted, the copyright owner shall have the right to terminate
the contract.Article 32Where a copyright owner has submitted the manus
cript of his work to anewspaper or a periodical publisher for pub
lication and has not receivedany notification of the said publisher'
s decision to publish the work,within fifteen days from the newspa
per publisher or within thirty daysfrom the periodical publishe
r from the date of submission of themanuscript, the copyright o
wner may submit the manuscript of the same workto another newspaper or
periodical publisher for publication unless thetwo parties have ag
reed otherwise.After a work is published in a newspaper or a periodica
l, other newspaperor periodical publisher may, except where the copyr
ight owner has declaredthat reprinting or excerpting is not permitted,
reprint the work or printan abstract of it or print it as referen
ce material, but such otherpublishers shall pay remuneration to th
e copyright owner as prescribed inregulations.Article 33A book publis
her may alter or abridge a work with the permission of thecopyright
owner. A newspaper publisher or periodical publisher may makeedito
rial modifications and abridgments in a work, but shall not make anym
odifications in the content of the work unless permission has b
eenobtained from the author.Article 34When publishing a work created
by adaptation, translation, annotation,arrangement or compilation o
f a pre-existing work, the publisher shall payremuneration both to the
owner of the copyright in the work created byadaptation, translat
ion, annotation, arrangement or compilation, and tothe owner of the
copyright in the original work.Section 2 PerformanceArticle 35A perfo
rmer (an individual performer or a performing troupe) who for aper
formance exploits an unpublished work created by others shall obtai
npermission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.A perfo
rmer who for a commercial performance exploits a published workcre
ated by others does not need permission from, but shall, as prescribe
dby regulations, pay remuneration to the copyright owner; such work
shallnot be exploited where the copyright owner has declared t
hat suchexploitation is not permitted.A performer who for a commercia
l performance exploits a work created byadaptation, translation, an
notation or arrangement of a pre-existing workshall pay remuneration
both to the owner of the copyright in the workcreated by adaptati
on, translation, annotation or arrangement and to theowner of the co
pyright in the original work. Where a performer performs awork create
d by others for the purpose of producing a sound recording,video r
ecording, radio programme or television programme, the provisionsof
Article 37 and 40 of this Law shall apply.Article 36A performer shall,
in relation to his performance, enjoy the right:(1) to claim performe
rship;(2) to protect the image inherent in his performance from distor
tion;(3) to authorize others to make live broadcasts; and(4) to author
ize others to make sound recordings and video recordings forcommercia
l purposes, and to receive remuneration therefor.Section 3 Sound Recor
ding and Video RecordingArticle 37A producer of sound recordings wh
o, for the production of a soundrecording, exploits an unpublish
ed work created by others shall obtainpermission from, and pay rem
uneration to, the copyright owner. A producerof sound recordings who,
for the production of a sound recording, exploitsa published work cre
ated by others, does not need permission from, butshall, as prescr
ibed by regulations, pay remuneration to, the copyrightowner; such
work shall not be exploited where the copyright owner hasdeclared
that such exploitation is not permitted.A producer of video recordi
ngs who, for the production of a videorecording, exploits a wor
k created by others shall obtain permission from,and pay remuneration
to, the copyright owner.A producer of sound recordings or video record
ings who exploits a workcreated by adaptation, translation, annota
tion or arrangement of a pre-existing work shall pay remuneration b
oth to the owner of the copyright inthe work created by adaptation, tr
anslation, annotation or arrangement,and to the owner of the copyri
ght in the original work.Article 38When producing a sound recording or
video recording, the producer shallconclude a contract with, and p
ay remuneration to, the performer.Article 39A producer of sound record
ings or video recordings shall have the right toauthorize others to re
produce and distribute his sound recordings or videorecordings and the
right to receive remuneration therefor. The term ofprotection of
such rights shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 ofthe fiftie
th year after the first publication of the recordings. Aproduc
er of sound recordings or video recordings who is authorized tore
produce and distribute a sound recording or video recording created
byothers shall also pay remuneration to the copyright owner and t
o theperformer as prescribed by regulations.Section 4 Broadcasting by
Radio Station or Television StationArticle 40A radio station or telev
ision station which exploits, for the productionof a radio or televi
sion programme, an unpublished work created by others,shall obtain per
mission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyrightowner.A radi
o station or television station which exploits, for the productionof
a radio or television programme, a published work created by othe
rsdoes not need permission from the copyright owner, but such a work
shallnot be exploited where the copyright owner has declared
that suchexploitation is not permitted. In addition, remuneration sha
ll be paid asprescribed by regulations unless this Law provides that
no remunerationneeds to be paid.A radio station or television stati
on which exploits, for the productionof a radio or television pr
ogramme, a work created by adaptation,translation, annotation, or
arrangement of a pre-existing work, shall payremuneration both to th
e owner of the copyright in the work created byadaptation, transla
tion, annotation or arrangement and to the owner of thecopyright in th
e original work.Article 41When producing a radio or television progr
amme, the radio station ortelevision station shall conclude a cont
ract with, and pay remunerationto, the performer.Article 42A radio
station or television station shall, in respect of a programmeprod
uced by it, enjoy the right:(1) to broadcast the programme;(2) to auth
orize others to broadcast the programme, and to receiveremuner
ation therefor; and(3) to authorize others to reproduce and dis
tribute the radio ortelevision programme, and to receive remunerati
on therefor.The term of protection of the rights specified in the prec
eding paragraphshall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the f
iftieth year afterthe first broadcasting of the programme.A producer
of sound recordings or video recordings who is authorized toreprod
uce and distribute a radio or television programme shall also payre
muneration to the copyright owner and the performer as prescribed
byregulations.Article 43A radio station or television station may br
oadcast, for noncommercialpurposes, a published sound recording with
out seeking permission from, orpaying remuneration to, the copyright
owner, performer and producer of thesound recording.Article 44A televi
sion station which broadcasts a cinematographic, television orvide
o-graphic work produced by others shall obtain permission from, and
pay remuneration to, the producer of the cinematographic, television
orvideo-graphic work.
Chapter V Legal LiabilityArticle 45Anyone who commits any of th
e following acts of infringement shall bearcivil liability for s
uch remedies as ceasing the infringing act,eliminating its il
l effects, making a public apology or payingcompensation or
damages, etc., depending on the circumstances:(1) publishing a work wi
thout the permission of the copyright owner;(2) publishing a work of j
oint authorship as a work created solely byoneself without the pe
rmission of the other co-authors;(3) having one's name indicated on a
work created by others, in order toseek personal fame and gain, wh
ere one has not participated in thecreation of the work;(4) dist
orting or mutilating a work created by others;(5) exploiting a work
by performance, broadcasting, exhibition,distribution, making
cinematographic, television or video productions,adaptation, tran
slation, annotation, and compilation, or by other means,without the
permission of the copyright owner, unless otherwise providedin this
Law;(6) exploiting a work created by others without paying remunera
tion asprescribed by regulations;(7) broadcasting a live performa
nce without the permission of theperformer; or (8) committing oth
er acts of infringement of copyright andof other rights and interest
s related to copyright.Article 46Anyone who commits any of the followi
ng acts of infringement shall bearcivil liability for such reme
dies as ceasing the infringing act,eliminating its ill effect
s, making a public apology or payingcompensation for damages,
etc., depending on the circumstances, and may,in addition, be subje
cted by the copyright administration department tosuch administrati
ve penalties as confiscation of unlawful income from theact, or impos
ition of a fine:(1) plagiarizing a work created by others;(2) reproduc
ing and distributing a work, for commercial purposes, withoutthe perm
ission of the copyright owner;(3) publishing a book where the exclusiv
e right of publication belongs toanother publisher;(4) producing and
publishing a sound recording or video recording of aperformance wi
thout the permission of the performer;(5) reproducing and distributing
a sound recording or video recordingproduced by others without t
he permission of its producer;(6) reproducing and distributing a radio
programme or television programmewithout the permission of the radio
station or television station whichhas produced that programme; or(
7) producing or selling a work of fine art where the signature of
theauthor is forged.Article 47A party who fails to perform his contrac
tual obligations, or performs themin a manner which is not in conformi
ty with the agreed terms shall bearcivil liability in accordance wi
th the relevant provisions of the GeneralPrinciples of the Civil Law.
Article 48A dispute over copyright infringement may be settled by
mediation. Ifmediation is unsuccessful, or if one of the parties r
etracts from hispromise after a mediation agreement is reached,
proceedings may beinstituted in a people's court. Proceedings may
also instituted directlyin a people's court if the parties do not wi
sh to settle the dispute bymediation.Article 49A dispute over a cop
yright contract may be settled by mediation. It mayalso, in accorda
nce with the arbitration clause of contract, or a writtenarbitration
agreement concluded after the contract has been signed, besubmitte
d to a copyright arbitration body for arbitration.The parties shall im
plement the arbitration award. If one of the partiesfails to impleme
nt the award, the other party may apply to a people'scourt for ex
ecution. If the people's court which has been requested toexecute
an arbitration award finds that the arbitration award is contraryto l
aw, it shall have the right to refuse the execution.Where the people's
court refuses to execute an arbitration award, theparties may in
stitute proceedings in a people's court for contractualdispute.Wh
ere no arbitration clause is stipulated in the contract and no writt
enarbitration agreement is concluded after the contract has been signe
d, anyparty may institute proceedings directly in a people's court.Art
icle 50Any party who is not satisfied with an administrative p
enalty mayinstitute proceedings in a people's court within three mont
hs from receiptof the written decision of the administrative penal
ty. If the partyneither institutes proceedings nor executes the dec
ision within the timelimit, the copyright administration department
may apply to a people'scourt for execution.
Chapter VI Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 51For the purpose of
this Law, the term "zhuzuoquan" (author's rights) issynonymous wit
h the term "banquan" (copyright).Article 52The term "reproduction" as
used in this Law means the act of producing oneor more copies of a
work by printing, photocopying, copying,lithographing, maki
ng a sound recording or video recording, duplicating arecording, or d
uplicating a photographic work or by other means.The term "reproduct
ion" as used in this Law does not cover theconstruction or
manufacture of industrial products on the basis ofdrawings of e
ngineering designs and product designs, and descriptionsthereof.A
rticle 53Measures for the protection of computer software shall be
establishedseparately by the State Council.Article 54The implementin
g regulations of this Law shall be drawn up by thecopyright a
dministration department under the State Council and shallenter i
nto force after approval by the State Council.Article 55The rights of
copyright owners, publishers, performers, producers of soundrecordings
and video recordings, radio stations and television stations asprovid
ed for in this Law shall, if their term of protection as specifiedin
this Law has not yet expired on the date of entry into force of th
isLaw, be protected in accordance with this Law. Any act of infringem
ent orbreach of contract committed prior to the entry into force of
this Lawshall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant r
egulations orpolicies in force at the time when such act was committe
d.Article 56This Law shall enter into force as of June 1, 1991.Note:[*
1] This English version is the preliminary English translation provid
edby the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee o
f theNational People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. It
shall berepublished after being further revised and finalized by th
e LegislativeAffairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the
National People'sCongress of the People's Republic of China. - The Ed
itor
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