发信人: v10198(梦泪)
整理人: firphoenix(2001-11-14 14:45:05), 站内信件
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Troubleshooting ISDN BRI Layer 1
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Contents
Introduction
Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED
Layer 1 Status: ACTIVATED
Related Information
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Introduction
Note: The information in this document is based on Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.0.
The show isdn status command displays the status of all Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces or a specific ISDN interface. When troubleshooting ISDN Basic Rate Interfaces (BRIs), it is necessary to first determine if the router can properly communicate with the telco ISDN switch. Once this has been verified, you can proceed to higher level troubleshooting such as issues with dialer interfaces, interesting traffic definitions, PPP failures, so forth and so on.
This document assumes you have used the show isdn status command and determined that Layer 1 is the cause of your problem as shown below. For more information on the show isdn status command, refer to Using show isdn status for BRI Troubleshooting. An example of Layer 1 status deactivated is shown below:
maui-nas-01#show isdn status
The current ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni1
ISDN BRI0 interface Layer 1 Status:
DEACTIVATED
!-- This shows ACTIVE or DEACTIVATED
...
...
Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED
If the show isdn status command indicates that Layer 1 status is deactivated, then the router is not establishing a Layer 1 connection to the telco ISDN switch. Perform the steps shown below and after each step, use the show isdn status command to check if Layer 1 is up (ACTIVE). If Layer 1 is active, proceed to Troubleshooting BRI Layer 2.
Use the shutdown, then no shutdown commands on the BRI interface in question. This will ensure that the BRI interface is not administratively down. You could also perform a clear interface bri number to reset the interface.
Use the show isdn status command to check if the switch type for the interface is correctly configured. A sample below shows that the switch type is not configured:
maui-soho-01#show isdn status
**** No Global ISDN Switchtype currently defined ****
ISDN BRI0 interface
dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = none
Layer 1 Status:
ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
Layer 2 NOT Activated
!-- An invalid switch type can be displayed as a Layer 1 or Layer 2 problem.
Layer 3 Status:
0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)
Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0
The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003
Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0
If the switch type is either not configured or configured incorrectly, configure it on the interface.
Tip: The Telco should explicitly indicate the switchtype that needs to be configured. Occasionally (especially in North America) the Telco may indicate the switchtype is "custom" or "national". In such cases, use the following guidelines to determine the switchtype configuration:
Custom: If the Telco indicates that their switch-type is Custom, then configure the switchtype on the router as basic-5ess (for BRI with 5ess switch), primary-5ess (for PRI with 5ess), basic-dms(for BRI with DMS switch), or primary-dms (for PRI with DMS).
National: Switchtype conforming to the NI-1 standard for BRI and NI-2 standard for PRI. If the telco informs you that the switchtype is National, then the Cisco router configuration should be basic-ni (for BRI) or primary-ni (for PRI).
Note: For Cisco IOS releases up to 11.2, the configured ISDN switch type is a global command (which meant you could not use BRI and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) cards in the same Cisco chassis with IOS 11.2 and earlier). In Cisco IOS 11.3T or later, multiple switch types in a single Cisco IOS chassis are supported.
Contact your telco to determine what your switch type is, then use the isdn switch-type command to configure it on the router as shown below:
maui-soho-01#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
maui-soho-01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess
maui-soho-01(config)#exit
Normally, the router is assigned the TEI by the ISDN switch during powerup. However, sometimes (notably in Europe) switches may deactivate Layers 1 or 2 when there are no active calls. In such situations, it is necessary to configure isdn tei-negotiation first-call under the BRI interface, so that TEI negotiation can occur when the first ISDN call is placed or received. Typically, this setting is used for ISDN service offerings in Europe and connections to dms100 switches that are designed to initiate TEI negotiation.
maui-soho-01(config)#interface bri 0
maui-soho-01(config-if)#isdn tei-negotiation first-call
In this case, you may have to initiate a dialout or receive a call for the TEI negotiation to occur. For dialout, ensure that your DDR configuration is correct.
Determine the type of BRI interface on the router using the show interface bri number or show version command. The examples below show a router with a U interface:
maui-soho-01#show interfaces bri 0
BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing)
Hardware is BRI with U interface and external S bus interface
...
...
maui-soho-01#show version
...
...
cisco 1604 (68360) processor (revision C) with 3072K/1024K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 09895320, with hardware revision 00972006
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
Basic Rate ISDN software, Version 1.1.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s)
U interface with external S bus interface for ISDN Basic Rate interface.
System/IO memory with parity disabled
...
...
Due to variations in the implementation of ISDN, regions around the world differ in the customer equipment necessary for the circuit. Use the table below to properly connect the router to the telco jack:
Region--> In North America In the Rest of the world
Router Interface Type
U Interface Connect directly to the Telco jack. Cannot be used.
S/T Interface Connect to an external NT-1, which then connects to the Telco jack. Connect directly to the Telco jack.
In North America, if the router's BRI interface is a U interface, it can be directly connected to the telco jack. In the rest of the world, where the Network Termination 1 (NT-1) is built into the telco network, the router S/T interface is directly connected to the telco jack. Refer to the telco documentation to ensure that you have the appropriate BRI interface, cables, and additional equipment.
In North America, if you have a BRI S/T interface, check the status lights on the required external NT-1. Refer to the hardware documentation for the NT-1 for information on interpreting the status lights. If the NT-1 status lights do not indicate a problem, check the NT-1 for a switch to set the termination resistance (ohms). If the switch is present, set it to 100 ohms. Power cycle the external NT-1 at this time. Make sure the router is connected to the S/T port on the NT-1, while the U port on the NT-1 must be connected to the ISDN jack.
For a BRI WAN interface card (WIC), refer to the WIC's documentation for information on reading the various light emitting diode (LED)s.
Replace the cable from the router to the ISDN jack. For a U interface, the cable should be straight through RJ-45 and should contain the middle two pins (pins 4 and 5). An S/T interface, on the other had, uses pins 3,4,5, and 6. To check whether the cable is straight through, hold the RJ-45 cable ends side by side, and you should see that pins are in the same order. Refer to RJ-45 Cables for further information on distinguishing between the types of cables. Use a cable tester to ensure that there is an end-to-end continuity on those pins. Also, the preferred cable length is less than 23 feet (7 meters) and should not exceed 32.8 feet (10 meters).
Get a regular analog phone and plug it into the ISDN jack. You should hear either:
a clicking noise
a white noise/light static
If you do not hear either of these, it is not an active ISDN line. You should verify that the circuit is installed and that you are connecting to the correct drop point.
Reload the router.
Layer 1 Status: ACTIVATED
This indicates layer 1 is up and you have a connection to the telco. If you are still having problems with your ISDN, you can proceed to Understanding show isdn status for BRI Troubleshooting.
Other Layer 1 States
The following are the other possible Layer 1 states.
Layer 1 Status
GOINGDOWN
INIT
TESTING
RESET
DELEATED (sic)
SHUTDOWN
ACTIVATING
ACTIVE_ErrorInd
Most of them are temporary and can be cleared by the command clear interface bri number or by reloading the router. If those states persist for extended periods contact the telco for further troubleshooting. You should also verify the cabling and other hardware as described in the section Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED.
Advanced Reference
Advanced users can use this reference section to isolate ISDN Layer 1 issues.
Note: ISDN layer 1 is defined in the ITU-T I.430 standard. You should refer to I.430 for detailed information on ISDN layer 1 states and signals.
For advanced ISDN Layer 1 troubleshooting, use the show controller bri number command:
For example, consider the following Layer 1 Status:
router#show isdn status bri 1/5
The current ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3
ISDN BRI1/5 interface
Layer 1 Status:
ACTIVE_ErrorInd
Layer 2 Status:
Layer 2 NOT Activated
Layer 3 Status:
0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)
Activated dsl 13 CCBs = 0
Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 7
Since the Layer 1 state is neither ACTIVE nor DEACTIVATED, we need to use the show controller bri command to proceed further. The show controller bri number displays information about the BRI controller, including activation status for Layer 1.
router#show controller bri 1/5
BRI slot 1 interface 5
Layer 1 is PENDING ACTIVATION. (ISDN L1 State F6)
Master clock for slot 1 is bri interface 1.
Total chip configuration successes: 2522, failures: 0, timeouts: 0
D Channel Information:
......
Note Layer 1 is PENDING ACTIVATION and L1 State is F6. Use the Table below to interpret the L1 State.
L1 State L1 State Name L1 State Description
F1 Inactive In this inactive (powered-off) state, the TE is not transmitting and cannot detect the presence of any input signals.
F2 Sensing This state is entered after the TE has been powered on but has not determined the type of signal (if any) that the TE is receiving. When in this state, a TE may go to a low-power consumption mode
F3 Deactivated This is the deactivated state of the physical protocol. Neither the NT nor the TE is transmitting. When in this state, a TE may go to a low-power consumption mode
F4 Awaiting Signal When TE wishes to initiate activation, it sends an Activation signal to the NT and awaits a response
F5 Identifying Input At first receipt of any signal from the NT, the TE ceases sending Activation signals and awaits the activation signal or synchronized frame from the NT.
F6 Synchronized When the TE has received an activation signal from the NT, it responds with a synchronized frame and is awaiting a synchronized frame from the NT.
F7 Activated This is the normal active state with the protocol activated in both directions. Both the NT and TE are transmitting normal frames. State F7 is the only state where B- and D-channel contain operational data
F8 Lost Framing This is the condition when the TE has lost frame synchronization and is awaiting re-synchronization.
NT - Network Termination Device. NT refers to network terminating layer 1 aspects of NT1 and NT2 functional groups.
TE - Terminal Equipment. TE refers to terminating layer 1 aspects of TE1, TA, and NT2 functional groups.
For more information refer to the document Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Most of the Layer 1 states shown are temporary and can be cleared by the command clear interface bri number or by reloading the router. If those states persist for extended periods contact the telco for further troubleshooting. You should also verify the cabling and other hardware as described in the section Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED.
Note: For more information on the Layer 1 states described here, refer to Section 6.2 in the ITU-T I.430 specification.
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