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Ò». Apache¼ò½é: ApacheÊÇÊÀ½çÅÅÃûµÚÒ»µÄWeb·þÎñÆ÷, ¸ù¾ÝNetcraft(www.netsraft.co.uk)Ëù×÷µÄµ÷²é,ÊÀ½çÉϰٷÖÖ®ÎåÊ®ÒÔÉϵÄWeb·þÎñÆ÷ÔÚʹÓÃApache. 1995Äê4ÔÂ, ×îÔçµÄApache(0.6.2°æ)ÓÉApache Group¹«²¼·¢ÐÐ. Apache Group ÊÇÒ»¸öÍêȫͨ¹ýInternet½øÐÐÔË×÷µÄ·ÇÓ¯Àû»ú¹¹, ÓÉËüÀ´¾ö¶¨Apache Web·þÎñÆ÷µÄ±ê×¼·¢ÐаæÖÐÓ¦¸Ã°üº¬ÄÄЩÄÚÈÝ. ×¼ÐíÈκÎÈËÐÞ¸ÄÒþ´í, ÌṩеÄÌØÕ÷ºÍ½«ËüÒÆÖ²µ½ÐÂµÄÆ½Ì¨ÉÏ, ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüµÄ¹¤×÷. µ±ÐµĴúÂë±»Ìá½»¸øApache Groupʱ, ¸ÃÍÅÌåÉóºËËüµÄ¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝ, ½øÐвâÊÔ, Èç¹ûÈÏΪÂúÒâ, ¸Ã´úÂë¾Í»á±»¼¯³Éµ½ApacheµÄÖ÷Òª·¢ÐаæÖÐ. Apache µÄÌØÐÔ: 1) ¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚËùÓеļÆËã»úƽ̨ÉÏ. 2) Ö§³Ö×îеÄHTTP/1.1ÐÒé 3) ¼òµ¥¶øÇÒÇ¿ÓÐÁ¦µÄ»ùÓÚÎļþµÄÅäÖÃ(HTTPD.CONF). 4) Ö§³ÖͨÓÃÍø¹Ø½Ó¿Ú(CGI) 5) Ö§³ÖÐéÄâÖ÷»ú. 6) Ö§³ÖHTTPÈÏÖ¤. 7) ¼¯³ÉPERL. 8) ¼¯³ÉµÄ´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷ 9) ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýWEBä¯ÀÀÆ÷¼àÊÓ·þÎñÆ÷µÄ״̬, ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¨ÒåÈÕÖ¾. 10) Ö§³Ö·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë°üº¬ÃüÁî(SSI). 11) Ö§³Ö°²È«SOCKET²ã(SSL). 12) ¾ßÓÐÓû§»á»°¹ý³ÌµÄ¸ú×ÙÄÜÁ¦. 13) Ö§³ÖFASTCGI 14) Ö§³ÖJAVA SERVLETS. ... "ȱµã"(MAYBE IT IS, MAYBE NOT): APACHEûÓÐΪ¹ÜÀíÔ±ÌṩͼÐÎÓû§½Ó¿Ú(GUI), µ«×î½üµÄAPACHE°æ±¾ÒѾÓÐÁËGUIµÄÖ§³Ö.
ÒÔÏÂÊÇAPACHEµÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ /* ==================================================================== * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1 * * Copyright (c) 2000 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights * reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, * if any, must include the following acknowledgment: * "This product includes software developed by the * Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)." * Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, * if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. * * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" must * not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this * software without prior written permission. For written * permission, please contact apache@apache.org. * * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", * nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written * permission of the Apache Software Foundation. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. * ==================================================================== * * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see * <http://www.apache.org/>. * * Portions of this software are based upon public domain software * originally written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, * University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. */
¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö, APACHE²»ÒªÇóÈκÎÈ˰ѶÔAPACHEµÄÐ޸Ĺ«¿ª(²»ÊÜGPLÌõ¿îÔ¼Êø).
¶þ. ApacheµÄ»ù±¾ÅäÖü°ËµÃ÷:
1.»ñµÃApache:
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2. ±àÒëApache ÔÚsrcĿ¼Ï ./configure ¿ÉÓà ./configure--help|less µÃµ½°ïÖú, make, make install, install
3. apacheµÄÆô¶¯ºÍ¹Ø±Õ sbin/apachectl start sbin/apachectl stop sbin/apachectl restart (ÖØÆð)
4. һЩģ¿é½éÉÜ: ÏÂÁеÄ×éÄ£¿é¿ØÖƽøÈëºÍÑéÖ¤ Acess ½øÈë¿ØÖÆ auth ¼ì²éUnix-style¿ÚÁîºÍ×éÎļþµÄ»ù±¾µÄÑéÖ¤¡£ auth-anon ʹÓÃÄäÃûµÄFTP-style usernamesºÍ¿ÚÁî¡£ auth-dbm ʹÓÃBerkeley dbÎļþ´æ´¢usernames£¬¿ÚÁºÍ×éÐÅÏ¢¡£Èç¹ûÄãÓкܶàusernames²¢¹ØÐÄÐÔÄÜ£¬ ÕâÊǺÜÓÐÓõġ£ digest ʹÓ**TTPÎÄÕªÈÏÖ¤£¬Õâ±È»ù±¾ÈÏÖ¤¸ü°²È«¡£ expire Ä£¿éÈÃÄã¶¨ÖÆExpire¹ýÆÚʱ¼ä
5. Apache1.3µÄȱʡĿ¼²¼¾ÖÊÇ£º ./bin ·þÎñÆ÷¶þ½øÖÆ£¬apachectlÔ±¾ ./conf ApacheÅäÖÃÎļþ ./include/apache Apache±êÌâÎļþ ./libexec ¹²ÓõĶÔÏóÎļþ ./man man Ò³ ./sbin ·þÎñÆ÷¶þ½øÖÆ£¬apachectlÔ±¾£¬log rotator ./cgi-bin ȱʡCGIÔ±¾/¶þ½øÖƵÄĿ¼ ./share/htdocs ȱʡÎļþ¸ù ./htdocs/manual ApacheÊÖ²á ./share/icon °üº¬¸÷ÖÖͼ±êGIFsµÄĿ¼ ./var/apache/log logÎļþµÄĿ¼ ./var/apache/proxy proxy»º´æÄ¿Â¼ ./var/apache/run httpd.pid(°üº¬Ö÷ÒªµÄhttpd¹ý³Ì±êʶ·ûµÄÎļþ)ÔÚ´ËĿ¼
6. Ö÷ÒªÎļþÈçÏÂ: httpd.conf, ÔÚ/usr/local/apache/conf»ò/etc/httpd/confÏ apachectl, ÔÚ/usr/local/apache/bin»ò/etc/httpd/binÏ access_log, ¼Í¼Óû§·ÃÎÊÐÅÏ¢, ÔÚ../logsÀï error_log, ¼Í¼Óû§·ÃÎÊ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢, Ò²ÔÚ../logsÀï
7. httpd.conf »ù±¾ÉèÖà Port, Apache ÔÚÄÄÒ»¸ö TCP ¶Ë¿Ú½øÐÐÕìÌý£¬HTTP µÄĬÈ϶˿ÚΪ 80¡£Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÆäËü¶Ë¿Ú£¬Äã²»µÃ²»ÔÚ URLs ÖÐÖ¸¶¨¶Ë¿ÚÀ´Á¬½ÓÄãµÄ·þÎñÆ÷£¬
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ServerName, Èç¹ûÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Óжà¸öÃû³Æ»òÕß IP µØÖ·£¬ÉèÖà Apache ±íÕ÷·þÎñÆ÷µÄÃû³Æ¡£
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UserDir ÔÚÆôÓà ~username ´¦ÀíÇëÇóʱ, ´ËÖ¸Áî¸æËß Apache ÄĸöĿ¼׷¼Óµ½Óû§µÄÖ÷Ŀ¼£¨home£©¡£UserDir ±»ÉèÖÃΪ public_html¡£Óû§½«Ö»Óлù±¾µÄÍøÒ³·þÎñ¹¦ÄÜ£¬
<Directory>ÊÇÒ»¸öÈÝÆ÷Ö¸Áî¡£</Directive>¸ñʽµÄ½áÊøÖ¸Áî¡£
<Directive>¼°Ïà¹ØµÄ<Files>ºÍ<FilesMatch>Ö¸ÁîµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬ÊÇΪÁËÈÃÄãÔÚÿ¸öĿ¼»òÕßÿ¸öÎļþµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬¿ØÖÆApacheÐÐΪµÄ·½Ê½¡£Ö¸Áî·ÅÔÚ<Directory>ÖУ¬Ò²ÊÊÓÃÓÚ×ÓĿ¼¡£
FollowSymLinksÑ¡Ï¸æËß Apache Ëü¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÎĵµ¸ùĿ¼ÄÚ²¿µ½Îĵµ¸ùĿ¼Íⲿ¸ú×Ù·ûºÅÁ´½Ó¡£ÔÚÎĵµ¸ùĿ¼ÄÚ²¿£¬FollowSymLinks ºÍ Indexes ¶¼´¦ÓÚ¿ªÆô״̬£¨on£©¡£ÍòһȱʡµÄË÷ÒýÎļþ£¨Í¨³£Îª index.html)²»´æÔÚʱ£¬×îºóÔÊÐíĿ¼ÁбíÏÔʾ¡£
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Options Ö¸Áî: 1) ExecCGI CGI ½Å±¾³ÌÐòÄܹ»ÔËÐÐÓÚ¸ÃĿ¼Ê÷¡£ 2) FollowSymLinks ÔÚ¸ÃĿ¼ÖУ¬·þÎñÆ÷½«¸ú×Ù·ûºÅÁ´½Ó¡£×¢Ò⣺¼´Ê¹·þÎñÆ÷¸ú×Ù·ûºÅÁ´½Ó£¬ËüÒ²²»»á¸Ä±äÓÃÀ´Æ¥Åä²»Í¬ÇøÓòµÄ·¾¶Ãû¡£×¢Ò⣺Èç¹ûÔÚÇøÓòÄÚÉèÖ㬸ÃÑ¡Ïî»á±»ºöÂÔ¡£ 3) Includes ·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë°üÈݱ»ÔÊÐí¡£ 4) IncludesNOEXEC ·þÎñÆ÷¶ËÒýÓñ»ÔÊÐí£¬µ« #exec ÃüÁîºÍ CGI ½Å±¾³ÌÐòµÄ #include ±»½ûÖ¹¡£ 5) Indexes Èç¹ûÒªÇóÓ³É䵽Ŀ¼µÄ URL ºÍÔÚ¸ÃĿ¼ÀïûÓÐ DirectoryIndex£¨ÀýÈ磬index.html£©£¬ÄÇô·þÎñÆ÷½«·µ»Ø¸ñʽ»¯µÄĿ¼ÁÐ±í¡£ 6) MultiViews ´¦Àí¶àÖØä¯ÀÀÄÚÈݱ»ÔÊÐí¡£ 7) SymLinksIfOwnerMatch ͨ¹ýÓëÓû§ id Ò»ÑùµÄÁ´½Ó£¬·þÎñÆ÷Ö»¸ú×ÙÄ¿±êÎļþ»òÕßĿ¼ËùÓµÓеķûºÅÁ´½Ó¡£ 8) All ³ý MultiViews ÍâµÄÒ»Çж«Î÷¡£ÒªÊÇûÓÐ Options Ö¸ÁĬÈÏΪall.
AccessFileName ÃüÁîÀ´ÉèÖã¨È±Ê¡ÉèÖÃΪ .htaccess£©¡£ÔÚÈκÎĿ¼ÖУ¬Apache ÅäÖÃÖ¸Áî¿É±»·ÅÈëÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö .htaccess µÄÎļþ¡£Ö¸ÁîÒ²¿ÉÓ¦ÓÃÓÚĿ¼ÀïµÄ×ÓĿ¼¡£ÔÚ·ÃÎÊÎļþÖУ¬
AllowOverride ¿ØÖÆÄĸöÖ¸Á±»Ê¹Óá£Èç¹û AllowOverride ±»ÉèÖÃΪ none¡£Apache ÉõÖÁ²»»á¼ì²é·ÃÎÊÎļþ¡£
AllowOverride ²ÎÊý: 1) AuthConfig£¬ ÊÚȨָÁîÄÄÒ»¸öÔÊÐíʹÓã» 2) FileInfo£¬ÓÃÀ´¿ØÖÆÎĵµÀàÐͺʹ¦Àí·½·¨µÄÖ¸Á 3)Indexes£¬Ê¹ÓÃÆäÖеÄÒ»¸öÖ¸ÁîÀ´¿ØÖÆÄ¿Â¼ÁÐ±í¡¢Í¼±êµÈµÄÏÔʾ£» 4) Limit£¬ÔÊÐíʹÓÃÖ¸ÁîÀ´¿ØÖÆÖ÷»ú·ÃÎÊ£» 5) Options£¬Ê¹Óà Options Ö¸ÁîÖеÄÒ»¸ö¡£
“allow”ºÍ“deny”Ö¸Áî¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´¿ØÖÆ·ÃÎʵġ£µÚÈý¸öÖ¸Áî“order”£¬¿ØÖÆÕâЩָÁîµÄʹÓÃ˳Ðò¡£Èç¹ûÄã°Ñ˳ÐòÉèÖÃ³É allow,deny£¬¶øÃ»ÓÐÖ¸¶¨ÄĸöÖ÷»úÊDZ»¾Ü¾øµÄ»°£¬ÔòËùÓÐÖ÷»ú¶¼±»¼Ù¶¨Îª½ûÖ¹·ÃÎÊ¡£ÔÚ±¾Àý×ÓÖУ¬allow Ö¸ÁѡÖУ¬deny Ö¸Áî±»ÆÕ±éÓ¦Óá£ÔÚ .htaccess Îļþ»òÕß <Directory> Ö¸ÁîÄÚ£¬¸ü¶àµäÐ͵ÄÅäÖÿÉÄÜÊÇ£º order allow,deny allow from all deny aaa.com ËùÓÐÖ÷»ú±»ÔÊÐí£¬³ýÁËÄÇЩÀ´×Ô aaa.com ÓòµÄÖ÷»ú¡£
Èç¹ûÏà·´£¬ order deny,allow deny from all allow from 11.23.44 deny Ê×Ïȱ»¼ì²é¡£Ö»ÓÐÀ´×Ô 11.23.44 IP ÍøÂçµÄÖ÷»ú²Å±»ÔÊÐí·ÃÎÊ¡£ËüÒ²¿ÉÄÜÖ¸¶¨ÍøÂçÑÚÂ룬²ÎÊý 11.23.44.0/255.255.255.0 Ï൱ÓÚÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó¡£
Èý. ÌØÊâÅäÖÃ: 1. Ö§³ÖÓû§¸öÈËÖ÷Ò³: ÔÚ../conf/httpd.confÖмÓÈë UserDir /home/*/public_html ÉèÖÃÓû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃCGIµÈ: <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin> options ExecCGI SetHandler cgi-bin #Èç¹ûÔÚÈ«¾ÖÉèÖÃÁËAddHandler cgi-bin .cgi ..., #Õâ¶ù¾Í²»ÓÃÉèÁË </Directory>
2. ÐéÄâÖ÷»úÉèÖÃ:
1)»ùÓÚIPµÄÐéÄâÖ÷»ú Èô¸Ã»úÆ÷µÄIPµØÖ·Îª192.168.0.2,ÐéÄâµÄIPΪ192.168.0.3 Ê×ÏÈ, ÔÚһ̨»úÆ÷µÄÍø¿¨Éϰ󶨶à¸öIPµØÖ·È¥·þÎñ¶à¸öÐéÄâÖ÷»ú¡£ #/sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.11.255 up #/sbin/route add -host 192.168.0.2 eth0:0
ÉèÖÃ../conf/httpd.confÎļþ£º ¿´DocumentRootÊÇʲô, Èç¹ûΪ/home/httpd <VirtualHost 192.168.0.3> DocumentRoot /home/httpd/aaa </VirtualHost>
´´½¨Ä¿Â¼ /home/httpd/aaa,
2)»ùÓÚÃû×ÖµÄÐéÄâÖ÷»ú£º ±à¼../conf/httpd.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.2 <VirtualHost 192.168.11.2> DocumentRoot /home/httpd/aaa ServerName aaa.yourdomain.com </VirtualHost>
ÒªÓÐNameVirtualHostÔÚ×îÇ°Ãæ£¬ÏÂÃæÒÀ´ÎΪ¸÷¸öÐéÄâÖ÷»ú£¬ »¹ÐèÒª°Ñaaa.yourdomain.comµÄDNS¶¼Ö¸ÏòIPµØÖ·192.168.0.2
3. ApacheÓû§ÈÏÖ¤ »ù±¾µÄApacheÓû§ÈÏÖ¤ ¼Ù¶¨, ¶ÔĿ¼/home/aaaϵÄÎļþÐèÒª×öµ½Óû§ÈÏÖ¤£¬ÔÚhttpd.conf ÖмÓÈëÏÂÃæµÄÐÐ <Directory "/home/aaa"> allowoverride authconfig order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ÓÃÔÚĿ¼/home/aaaÏ·ÅÎļþ.htaccess£¬ÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º authname "Please give me your ID number and Password" authtype basic authuserfile /etc/.passwd require valid-user
ÓÃhtpasswd Éú³ÉÎļþ/etc/.passwd, htpasswd -c /etc/.passwd username 
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