对于 Java 1.4以上,启动java时加上 -Djava.awt.headless=true 的参数。对于 Java 1.4 以前,下载 xvfb 或者其他的虚拟 x-window 软件,再在 Java 运行环境里的 DISPLAY 作相应改变。 对于 Resin,具体的修改办法是,修改 httpd.sh 文件,把其中的 args= 行修改为 args=-Djava.awt.headless=true。 转载自http://shaofanyun.mblogger.cn/(部分) 例如: catalina.sh
#!/bin/sh # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server # # Environment Variable Prequisites # # CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. # # CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions # of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to # the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. # # CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", # "stop", or "run" command is executed. # # CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory # the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to # $CATALINA_BASE/temp. # # JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. # # JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", # "stop", or "run" command is executed. # # JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start" # command is executed. The default is "dt_socket". # # JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" # command is executed. The default is 8000. # # JSSE_HOME (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension # (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the # system class path used to start Tomcat. # # CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid # of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used # # $Id: catalina.sh,v 1.13.2.1 2004/08/21 15:49:49 yoavs Exp $ # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
JAVA_HOME=/opt/j2sdk1.4.2_04 CATALINA_HOME=/opt/services/tomcat
# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false. cygwin=false os400=false case "`uname`" in CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;; OS400*) os400=true;; esac
# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink PRG="$0"
while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"` link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'` if expr "$link" : '.*/.*' > /dev/null; then PRG="$link" else PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link" fi done
# Get standard environment variables PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set [ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." ; pwd`
if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh fi
# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched if $cygwin; then [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"` [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"` [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ] && JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --unix "$JSSE_HOME"` fi
# For OS400 if $os400; then # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs. COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)' system $COMMAND
# Enable multi threading export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y fi
# Get standard Java environment variables if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then BASEDIR="$CATALINA_HOME" . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh else echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh" echo "This file is needed to run this program" exit 1 fi
# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH if [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ]; then CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jcert.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jnet.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jsse.jar fi CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar:"$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/commons-logging-api.jar
if [ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] ; then CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME" fi
if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp fi
# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java if $cygwin; then JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"` CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"` CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"` CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"` CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"` [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ] && JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JSSE_HOME"` JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"` fi
# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------
echo "Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE" echo "Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME" echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR" echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME"
if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then JPDA_ADDRESS="8000" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then JPDA_OPTS="-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=n" fi CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS" shift fi
if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
if $os400; then echo "Debug command not available on OS400" exit 1 else shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi fi
elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then
shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi
elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then
shift touch "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > $CATALINA_PID fi else "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > $CATALINA_PID fi fi
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then
shift FORCE=0 if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then shift FORCE=1 fi
"$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop
if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Killing: `cat $CATALINA_PID`" kill -9 `cat $CATALINA_PID` fi fi
elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then
"$_RUNJAVA" \ -classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/server/lib/catalina.jar" \ org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
else
echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )" echo "commands:" if $os400; then echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)" else echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager" fi echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger" echo " run Start Catalina in the current window" echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager" echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window" echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager" echo " stop Stop Catalina" echo " stop -force Stop Catalina (followed by kill -KILL)" echo " version What version of tomcat are you running?" exit 1
fi

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