1、 我编译内核时选了声卡支持,还把oss加入了模块,为什么出如下问题! 2、 bootsect.s 中的一个小问题:movsw的问题 3、 0x20,&timer_interrupt它在哪里做过schedule 4、 linux每10ms中断一次,它在哪里做了schedule() 5、 编译核心后的问题:xwindow-->console看不见! 6、 kernel_thread 7、 请问如何得到linux下的命令代码
<b>1、我编译内核时选了声卡支持,还把oss加入了模块,为什么出如下问题!</b>
我编译内核时选了声卡支持,还把oss加入了模块,为什么出如下问题! 信息是: you dont seem to have a kernel with sound module enabled,
你编译内核时是不是把声卡安模块方式编译
我声卡支持选择的是y oss选择的是m 我的声卡买了是YMH734的,可是查出是Aztech的声卡, 以前用oss试过也没没用,不知您有没有装过这种烂声卡!
这样整一遍内核看行不行: #make mrproper #make clean #make menuconfig 在模块的选项中全选为Yes,即 <*>或[*]方式 声卡这部分中: sound card support选[*] 其它的都选[M] 保存退出后, #make dep #make bzImage #make modules #make modules_install 为了系统能找到你编译的模块,(以2.4.2为例)将所生成的 模块从/lib/modules/2.4.2/misc/中cp到/lib/modules/misc/ 然后再probe你的soundcoard,也许能成功。
<b>2、bootsect.s 中的一个小问题:movsw的问题</b>
ibm的汇编中,movsw进行的操作是:((DI))<-((SI)),那么在at&t汇编中呢?movsw指令进行什么操作呢? CPU所干的事永远是一样的,不过汇编文法的格式不同而已。 some example: movw %bx,%ax //mov ax,bx xorl %eax,%eax //xor eax,eax movw $1,%ax //mov ax,1 movb x,%ah //mov ah,byte ptr x movw x,%ax //mov ax,word ptr x movl x,%eax //mov eax,x b(8-bit),w(16-bit),l(32-bit) Most opcodes are identical between AF&T and Intel format,except for these: movsSD //movsx movzSD //movz S,D are the source and destinaion operand size suffixes.
movswl %ax,%ecx //movsx ecx,ax Maybe mean something to you!!
<b>3、0x20,&timer_interrupt </b>
0x20,&timer_interrupt它在哪里做过schedule
100个中断/秒(即10ms)每次中断都可能schedule(),许多其它情况也会引起schedule(),比如程序在资源缺乏时会主动请求重新调度,以让出CPU。0x20 timer_interrupt的大致过程如下:
来时钟中断-->保存现场-->标记信息-->do_bottomhalf--->应该重新调度吗? Yes-->调度 No -->从中断返回 <b>4、linux每10ms中断一次,它在哪里做了schedule() </b>
linux每10ms中断一次,它在哪里做了schedule()。
每当一个系统调用或中断完成时,将调用ret_from_sys_call(),其中有一句: cmpl $0,__need_resched jne reschedule 进行调度,时钟中断没10ms一次返回时依据具体情况进行调度选择。
<b>5、编译核心后的问题:xwindow-->console看不见!</b>
我编译了2.4.2,编译过程中一切正常,但重新用新内核启动后,可以进入console和xwindow,但是进入了xwindow后,我用Ctrl+Alt+Backspace想回到console,却黑屏,无论进行什么操作都不行。但是可以使用Ctrl+Alt+Del重新启动,stop过程中也是什么都看不到,但这个命令可以起作用。我用的是RedHat7.0,请各位大侠帮忙!谢谢!
极有可能是显示模式切换与设置时出了问题,建议你: #cp /etc/X11/XF86Config /etc/X11/XF86Config_save_00 #xf86config
重新配置一遍X系统,看行不行
<b>6、kernel_thread</b>
kernel_thread(int.....) { . . . cmp %%sp,%%si je 1f 这里是不是永远都会跳到1:??????? . . . . 1:
kernel_thread调用clone系统调用创建一个新的进程(根据标志决定是用同一个进程号或另一个进程号),clone实际完成和fork几乎相同的工作,根据返回值为零和非零决定当前是新创建进程和父进程,父进程则跳转到1,新进程则调用fn函数,对照fork应该可以理解,另外三个“:”后面涉及一些linux下汇编的mov语法,你最好熟悉一下。
<b>7、请问如何得到linux下的命令代码</b>
请问如何得到linux下的各种命令的代码,例如ping,adduser
系统中并没有提供,你只有从网上自己找了
ping源码: * PING.C /* /* ping source code distribute by cpu || digger. /* for unix family only. compil and link success in sco unix. /* i think linux no problem too. u can try it. /* before read this code, you shoud know about the principle of /* tcp/ip, especially icmp protocol, u also should also know some /* about BSD socket API, and unix system signal programming. /* /* cc -o ping ping.c -lsocket, then u will get executable file, /* but must act as root when cc it, and then set euid attribute /* for this ping, then u can execute it as common user. /* because only root can have authority to creat raw socket. /* /* i love socket, if so do u, /* call me, cpu == digger
# include # include # include # include # include # include # include # include # include # include
# define ICMP_ECHO 8 /* icmp echo requir */ # define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0 /* icmp echo reply */ # define ICMP_HEADSIZE 8 /* icmp packet header size */ # define IP_HEADSIZE 20 /* ip packet header size */
typedef struct tagIpHead /* icmp packet header */ { u_char ip_verlen; /* ip version and ip header lenth*/ u_char ip_tos; /* ip type of service */ u_short ip_len; /* ip packet lenghth */ u_short ip_id; /* ip packet identification */ u_short ip_fragoff; /* ip packet fragment and offset */ u_char ip_ttl; /* ip packet time to live */ u_char ip_proto; /* ip packet protocol type */ u_short ip_chksum; /* ip packet header checksum */ u_long ip_src_addr; /* ip source ip adress */ u_long ip_dst_addr; /* ip destination ip adress */ } IPHEAD;
typedef struct tagIcmpHead /* icmp header */ { u_char icmp_type; /* icmp service type */ /* 8 echo require, 0 echo reply */ u_char icmp_code; /* icmp header code */ u_short icmp_chksum; /* icmp header chksum */ u_short icmp_id; /* icmp packet identification */ u_short icmp_seq; /* icmp packet sequent */ u_char icmp_data[1]; /* icmp data, use as pointer */ } ICMPHEAD;
u_short ChkSum( u_short * pIcmpData, int iDataLen ) /* for check sum of icmp header */ { u_short iSum; u_short iOddByte;
iSum = 0;
while ( iDataLen > 1 ) { /* xor the next unsigned int data */ iSum ^= *pIcmpData++; iDataLen -= 2; }
if ( iDataLen == 1 ) { /* the rest odd byte */ iOddByte = 0; *((u_char *)&iOddByte) = *(u_char *)pIcmpData; iSum ^= iOddByte; }
iSum ^= 0xffff; /* xor 0xffff == not it */ return(iSum); }
long time_now() /* return time passed by */ /* since 1970.1.1 00:00:00, */ /* in 1/1000000 second */ { struct timeval now; long lPassed; gettimeofday(&now, 0); lPassed = now.tv_sec * 1000000 + now.tv_usec; /* now.tv_sec in second */ /* now.tv_usec in 1/1000000 second */ return lPassed; }
char* host; /* destination host */ char* prog; /* program name */ extern errno; /* system global parameter */ long lSendTime; /* each time when send, change it */ u_short seq; /* the icmp packet seqence */ int iTimeOut; /* time out parameter */ int sock, sent, recvd, max, min, total; /* sent : icmp packet already sent */ /* recvd: proper icmp packet received */ /* max, min: max min round trip time */ /* total: total round trip time */ /* store to calculate average */ u_long lHostIp; /* host ip adress */ struct sockaddr_in it; /* destination host information */
int ping(); void stat();
main(int argc, char** argv) { struct hostent* h; char buf[200]; char dst_host[32]; int i, namelen; IPHEAD* pIpHead; ICMPHEAD* pIcmpHead;
if (argc < 2) { /* ping the destination host */ /* every timeout second */ /* default timeout is 1 second */
printf("usage: %s [-timeout] host|IP ", argv[0]); exit(0); } prog = argv[0]; host = argc == 2 ? argv[1] : argv[2]; iTimeOut = argc == 2 ? 1 : atoi(argv[1]);
/* creat the raw socket for icmp */
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0) { perror("socket"); exit(2); }
/* set destination host information */
bzero(&it, sizeof(it)); it.sin_family = AF_INET;
/* check host format */
if ( ( lHostIp = inet_addr(host) ) != INADDR_NONE ) { /* is available ip adress */ it.sin_addr.s_addr = lHostIp; strcpy( dst_host, host ); } else if ( h = gethostbyname(host) ) { /* is available host name */ /* from hosts file of local host */ /* or from DNS */ bcopy(h->h_addr, &it.sin_addr, h->h_length); sprintf( dst_host, "%s (%s)", host, inet_ntoa(it.sin_addr) ); } else { /* bad ip adress or host name */ /* exit */ fprintf( stderr, "bad IP or host " ); exit(3); } namelen = sizeof(it);
printf(" Digger pinging %s, send %d bytes ", dst_host, IP_HEADSIZE + ICMP_HEADSIZE + sizeof(long) );
seq = 0; /* first icmp_seq = 0 */ sigset(SIGINT, stat); /* when press del or ctrl+c, call stat */ /* to statistic the result , and then exit */ sigset(SIGALRM, ping); /* hook ping function to timer */ alarm(iTimeOut); /* start timer, call ping every timeout */ /* seconds */ ping(); for ( ;; ) { /* waiting for every echo back */ /* icmp packet and check it */ register size; register u_char ttl; register delta; register iIpHeadLen;
/* block to received echo back datagram */
size = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&it, &namelen); if (size == -1 && errno == EINTR) { /* receive error or system call */ /* interrupted */ continue; }
/* calculate the round trip time, */ /* time when receive minus time when send */
delta = (int)((time_now() - lSendTime)/1000);
/* get echo back packet and check its ip header */
pIpHead = (IPHEAD *)buf;
/* get the ip packet lenth */ /* if too small, not the icmp echoreply packet */ /* give it up */
iIpHeadLen = (int)((pIpHead->ip_verlen & 0x0f) << 2); if (size < iIpHeadLen + ICMP_HEADSIZE) { continue; } ttl = pIpHead->ip_ttl; /* time to live param */
/* get the icmp header information */ pIcmpHead = (ICMPHEAD *)(buf + iIpHeadLen);
/* not icmp echo reply packet, give it up */ if (pIcmpHead->icmp_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { continue; }
/* not proper icmp sequent number, give it up */ if (pIcmpHead->icmp_id != seq || pIcmpHead->icmp_seq != seq) { continue; }
/* print out result for each icmp */ /* echo reply information */ sprintf( buf, "icmp_seq=%u bytes=%d ttl=%d", pIcmpHead->icmp_seq, size, ttl ); fprintf(stderr, "reply from %s: %s time=%d ms ", host, buf, delta);
/* calculate some statistic information */ /* max, min, average round trip time */ /* received icmp echo reply packet numbers */ max = MAX(delta, max); min = min ? MIN(delta, min) : delta; total += delta; ++ recvd;
/* for next icmp sequence */
++ seq; } }
ping() { char buf[200]; int iPacketSize;
/* make the icmp header information */
ICMPHEAD *pIcmpHead = (ICMPHEAD *)buf; pIcmpHead->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; pIcmpHead->icmp_code = 0; pIcmpHead->icmp_id = seq; pIcmpHead->icmp_seq = seq; pIcmpHead->icmp_chksum = 0;
/* store time information as icmp packet content, 4 bytes */ /* u may store other information instead */
*((long *)pIcmpHead->icmp_data) = time_now();
iPacketSize = ICMP_HEADSIZE + 4; /* icmp packet length */
/* icmp header check sum */
pIcmpHead->icmp_chksum = ChkSum((u_short *)pIcmpHead, iPacketSize );
/* remember the time when send for calculate round trip time */ lSendTime = time_now();
/* send the icmp packet to des host */ if ( sendto(sock, buf, iPacketSize, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&it, sizeof(it) ) < 0) { perror("send failed"); exit(6); }
/* packet number been sent */ ++sent;
/* reset the timer hooker to me again */ alarm(iTimeOut); }
void stat() /* print the statistic information for this time's ping */ { if (sent) { printf(" ----- %s ping statistics summerized by Digger----- " , host ); printf("%d packets sent, %d packets received, %.2f%% lost ", sent, recvd, (float)(sent-recvd)/(float)sent*100 ); } if (recvd) { printf("round_trip min/avg/max: %d/%d/%d ms ", min, total/recvd, max ); } exit(0); }
' 责任编辑:axing(2001-06-06 18:45) |