3.家族树 语法: select column from table_name start with column=value connect by prior 父主键=子主键 
3.1排除单一性和分枝 以ORACLE中的EMP表为例 [例]从顶到底列出各雇员的信息 SQL> select lpad(' ',4*(level-1))||ename name,empno,mgr from emp start with mgr is null   2  connect by prior empno=mgr; 
NAME                                 EMPNO       MGR ---------                                  ---------           --------- KING                                   7839                 JONES                           7566            7839           SCOTT                     7788            7566                 ADAMS              7876            7788 
3.2遍历至根 [例1]现在要从某个雇员开始向他的上级列出该雇员的层次结构 SQL> col ename for a30; SQL> select lpad(' ',4*(level-1))||ename ename,mgr,empno from scott.emp    2  start with mgr=7788 connect by prior mgr=empno; ENAME                                MGR     EMPNO ------------------------------         ---------    --------- ADAMS                               7788      7876     SCOTT                           7566       7788         JONES                       7839       7566             KING                                        7839 
[例2]列出所有雇员的层次结构 SQL> select lpad(' ',4*(level-1))||ename ename,empno,mgr from scott.emp   2  start with mgr is not null   3  connect by empno=prior mgr; 
ENAME                              EMPNO       MGR ------------------------------       ---------           --------- SMITH                               7369          7902     FORD                            7902         7566         JONES                       7566        7839             KING                    7839 ALLEN                               7499        7698     BLAKE                           7698        7839         KING                        7839 WARD                                7521        7698     BLAKE                           7698        7839         KING                        7839 JONES                               7566        7839     KING                            7839 MARTIN                              7654        7698     BLAKE                           7698         7839         KING                        7839 BLAKE                               7698        7839     KING                            7839 CLARK                               7782         7839     KING                            7839 SCOTT                               7788         7566     JONES                           7566        7839  
 
  |