Lesson:2 处理对象 1.Creating Objects 一般情况下,创建一个对象用以下方法 Rectangle r = new Rectangle(); 但如果你正在开发一个development tools,在运行之前或许不知道要生成对象的类。 所以要像下面这样来创建对象: String className;
// . . . load className from the user interface
Object o = new (className); // WRONG!
但以上是错误的。 正确的方法是使用类的反射特性:
1)Using No-Argument Constructors 例如: Class classDefinition = Class.forName(className);//指定类的运行期实例 object = classDefinition.newInstance();//调用无参构造函数来生成指定类的实例。
2)Using Constructors that Have Arguments 这个技术要用到如下步骤: a,创建一个Class对象 b,创建一个Constructor对象,getConstructor(Class[] params)方法,参数是一个与构造方法相适合的Class 数组. c,在Constructor对象上调用newInstance方法来生成一个对象,参数 是一个object数组与这个构造方法相配备。
例如: import java.lang.reflect.*; import java.awt.*;
class SampleInstance {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle rectangle; Class rectangleDefinition;
Class[] intArgsClass = new Class[] {int.class, int.class}; Integer height = new Integer(12); Integer width = new Integer(34); Object[] intArgs = new Object[] {height, width};
Constructor intArgsConstructor;
try { //1. rectangleDefinition = Class.forName("java.awt.Rectangle"); //2. intArgsConstructor = rectangleDefinition.getConstructor(intArgsClass);//找到指定的构造方法 //3. rectangle = (Rectangle) createObject(intArgsConstructor, intArgs);//构造方法描述对象,object[] } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { System.out.println(e); } }
public static Object createObject(Constructor constructor, Object[] arguments) {
System.out.println ("Constructor: " + constructor.toString()); Object object = null;
try { object = constructor.newInstance(arguments); System.out.println ("Object: " + object.toString()); return object; } catch (InstantiationException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { System.out.println(e); } return object; } }
2。Getting Field Values If you are writing a development tool such as a debugger, you must be able to obtain field values. This is a three-step process: 如果要作一个开发工具像debugger之类的,你必须能发现filed values,以下是三个步骤: a.创建一个Class对象 b.通过getField 创建一个Field对象 c.调用Field.getXXX(Object)方法(XXX是Int,Float等,如果是对象就省略;Object是指实 例).
例如: import java.lang.reflect.*; import java.awt.*;
class SampleGet {
public static void main(String[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 325); printHeight(r);
}
static void printHeight(Rectangle r) { Field heightField; Integer heightValue; Class c = r.getClass(); try { heightField = c.getField("height"); heightValue = (Integer) heightField.get(r); System.out.println("Height: " + heightValue.toString()); } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (SecurityException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println(e); } } }
3。Setting Field Values a.创建一个Class对象 b.通过getField 创建一个Field对象 c.调用Field.set(Object,withparam)方法(XXX是Int,Float等,如果是对象就省略;Object是指实例,withparam指和这个字段相区配的字段。
import java.lang.reflect.*; import java.awt.*;
class SampleSet {
public static void main(String[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 20); System.out.println("original: " + r.toString()); modifyWidth(r, new Integer(300)); System.out.println("modified: " + r.toString()); }
static void modifyWidth(Rectangle r, Integer widthParam ) { Field widthField; Integer widthValue; Class c = r.getClass(); try { widthField = c.getField("width"); widthField.set(r, widthParam); } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println(e); } } }
4。调用指定的方法 a.创建一个Class对象 b.创建一个方法对象method,getMethod(String methodName,Class[])方法 c.调方法对象,method.invoke(object,Object[]),两个参数,第一个是指调用方法所属于的对象,第二个是传递的值对象列表。
The sample program that follows shows you how to invoke a method dynamically. The program retrieves the Method object for the String.concat method and then uses invoke to concatenate two String objects. //
import java.lang.reflect.*;
class SampleInvoke {
public static void main(String[] args) { String firstWord = "Hello "; //指定类的实例
String secondWord = "everybody.";//变元
String bothWords = append(firstWord, secondWord); System.out.println(bothWords); }
public static String append(String firstWord, String secondWord) { String result = null; Class c = String.class; Class[] parameterTypes = new Class[] {String.class}; Method concatMethod; Object[] arguments = new Object[] {secondWord}; try { concatMethod = c.getMethod("concat", parameterTypes);//获取到方法对象 result = (String) concatMethod.invoke(firstWord, arguments);//调用 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.out.println(e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { System.out.println(e); } return result; } }

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