3、使用WebWork2实现Web表示层 
(1)更改Servlet控制器:ww2/WEB-INF/web.xml 
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">   <web-app>          <listener>               <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>        </listener>        <listener>               <listener-class>com.atlassian.xwork.ext.ResolverSetupServletContextListener</listener-class>        </listener>       <servlet>         <servlet-name>webwork</servlet-name>         <servlet-class>com.opensymphony.webwork.dispatcher.ServletDispatcher</servlet-class>     </servlet>       <servlet>         <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>         <servlet-class>com.opensymphony.webwork.views.velocity.WebWorkVelocityServlet</servlet-class>         <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>     </servlet>       <servlet-mapping>         <servlet-name>webwork</servlet-name>         <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>     </servlet-mapping>       <servlet-mapping>         <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>         <url-pattern>*.vm</url-pattern>     </servlet-mapping>          <welcome-file-list>               <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>        </welcome-file-list>          <error-page>               <error-code>404</error-code>               <location>/error.jsp</location>        </error-page>       <taglib>         <taglib-uri>webwork</taglib-uri>         <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/webwork.tld</taglib-location>     </taglib> </web-app>  
l         使用WebWork2的ServletDispatcher来控制所有的请求,并映射到*.action 
l         为了能使用Velocity,要增加WebWorkVelocityServlet控制器,并映射到*.vm 
l         为了能在JSP中使用WebWork2标记,需要定义WebWork2的标记库;并将webwork.tld拷贝到ww2/WEB-INF目录下 
(2)创建控制器:SpringappAction 
package web;   import java.util.List;   import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;   import bus.ProductManager;   import com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionSupport;   public class SpringappAction extends ActionSupport {         /** Logger for this class and subclasses */     protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());       private ProductManager prodMan;     private String now;     private List products;       public String execute() throws Exception {                 now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();         logger.info(“returning hello view with “ + now);                  products = prodMan.getProducts();                        return SUCCESS;      }          public ProductManager getProdMan() {        return prodMan;     }       public void setProdMan(ProductManager prodMan) {        this.prodMan = prodMan;     }       public String getNow() {        return now;     }       public void setNow(String now) {        this.now = now;     }          public List getProducts() {        return products;     }       public void setProducts(List products) {        this.products = products;     } }  
l         这里使用SpringappAction来实现SpringappController相同的功能 
l         SpringappAction扩展ActionSupport(这是Action接口的缺省实现)并重写execute()方法 
l         execute()方法是Action的执行逻辑单元,通过return的返回标志,显示指定的视图页面 
l         有以下一些返回标志可以使用: 
Ø         SUCCESS:Action执行成功,显示结果视图 
Ø         NONE:Action执行成功,不需要显示视图 
Ø         ERROR:Action执行失败,显示错误视图 
Ø         INPUT:需要更多的输入使Action执行成功;典型的例子就是表单处理,当用户输入无效时,重新显示表单视图 
Ø         LOGIN:用户没有登录以致Action不能执行,显示登录视图 
l         WebWork2没有Spring MVC Framework的Model机制,而是使用其属性来保存Model数据,在结果视图中可以通过这些属性来获得数据  
 
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