MIDP中的事件处理机制在J2ME用户图形界面开发中具有举足轻重的地位,本文将深入分析MIDP高级事件处理机制,本文提供的程序是新手学习不错的例子。在接下来的文章我会继续讲述低级事件处理机制。        MIDP的事件处理处理机制同样是采用回调的机制,你可以参考AWT的事件处理原理。在MIDP中分高级事件处理和低级事件处理,前者主要是针对高级UI,而后者主要是这对Canvas这样的低级UI的。不管怎样,我们必须首先介绍的是Command类,移动信息设备的输入主要来自于手机的键盘,导航则主要是由按钮来完成的,例如软键和导航键。Command类包装了动作的信息,但是并没有包括动作触发后应该做什么,这些是在CommanListener内实现的。看看Command的构造器吧 Command command = new Command("退出",Command.EXIT,1),构造器的参数分别表示按钮的标签,按钮的类型和优先级别。移动信息设备是根据后面两个参数对按钮进行布局的。        高级事件处理主要由两个接口来实现,一个是CommandListener,一个是ItemStateListener。在CommandListener中定义了方法commandAction(Command cmd,Displayable disp),我们必须实现这个方法来完成事件处理,告诉应用程序当在disp界面下如果cmd按钮并按下的时候他应该去做什么。ItemStateListener中定义了方法itemStateChanged(Item item),应用程序通过他来得到在Form内的item内部状态发生变化的事件。用户在进行如下操作的时候都会触发这样的事件,调整交互性Guage、在TextField内输入或者修改内容、修改DateField、改变ChoiceGroup的状态。        尽管我们已经通过上面的介绍了解了事件处理的机制,但是你会发现我们进行用户界面导航的时候仍然非常的麻烦,因为这不是在浏览器上开发界面,我们能做的只能是通过Command来进行处理。下面我将通过一个例子来说明如何使用CommandListener和ItemStateListener,这个例子有两个界面一个界面用来输入另一个用来显示用户的输入。在输入界面如果我们选择click这个ChoiceGroup,界面会出现另外一个文本输入,如果我们不选择他就不会出现。在这样一个程序中充分说明了如何使用上述两个接口来完成MIDP高级事件的处理,但是也暴露出了导航难得问题,在以后的文章中我会介绍如何使用MVC的设计模式来解决这个问题。下面是程序执行的界面抓图      程序源代码如下所示:  //HighLevelMIDlet.java import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display; import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet; import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDletStateChangeException; /*  * Created on 2004-6-24  *  * TODO To change the template for this generated file go to  * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */  /**  * @author P2800  *  * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to  * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */ public class HighLevelMIDlet extends MIDlet {      private Display display;     private MainUI mainUI;     private DisplayUI displayUI;          /* (non-Javadoc)      * @see javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet#startApp()      */     protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         initMIDlet();      }          private void initMIDlet()     {         display = Display.getDisplay(this);         mainUI = new MainUI(this);         displayUI = new DisplayUI(this,mainUI);         display.setCurrent(mainUI);     }          public DisplayUI getDisplayUI()     {         return displayUI;     }     public Display getDisplay()     {         return display;     }      /* (non-Javadoc)      * @see javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet#pauseApp()      */     protected void pauseApp()     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub      }      /* (non-Javadoc)      * @see javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet#destroyApp(boolean)      */     protected void destroyApp(boolean arg0) throws MIDletStateChangeException     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub      }  } //MainUI.java
  import javax.microedition.lcdui.Choice; import javax.microedition.lcdui.ChoiceGroup; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command; import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Item; import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemStateListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField; import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet;  /*  * Created on 2004-6-24  *  * TODO To change the template for this generated file go to  * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */  /**  * @author P2800  *   * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to Window -  * Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */ public class MainUI extends Form implements CommandListener, ItemStateListener {      private HighLevelMIDlet midlet;     private TextField inputField;     private ChoiceGroup choice;     private TextField inputField2;     private int index;     public static final Command cmd = new Command("Display", Command.ITEM, 2);      public MainUI(HighLevelMIDlet midlet)     {         super("form");         this.midlet = midlet;         init();     }      public void init()     {                  inputField = new TextField("Input", null, 25, TextField.ANY);         inputField2 = new TextField("Input2", null, 25, TextField.ANY);         choice = new ChoiceGroup("click", Choice.MULTIPLE);         choice.append("Another", null);         this.append(inputField);         this.append(choice);         this.addCommand(cmd);         this.setCommandListener(this);         this.setItemStateListener(this);      }      /*      * (non-Javadoc)      *       * @see javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener#commandAction(javax.microedition.lcdui.Command,      *      javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable)      */     public void commandAction(Command arg0, Displayable arg1)     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         if(arg0 == cmd)         {             String input = inputField.getString();             System.out.println(input);             midlet.getDisplayUI().setInput(input);             midlet.getDisplay().setCurrent(midlet.getDisplayUI());                      }      }      /*      * (non-Javadoc)      *       * @see javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemStateListener#itemStateChanged(javax.microedition.lcdui.Item)      */     public void itemStateChanged(Item arg0)     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         if(arg0 == choice)         {                          if(choice.isSelected(0) == true)             {                 index = this.append(inputField2);             }             else             {                 this.delete(index);             }         }      }  } //DisplayUI.java
  import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command; import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form; import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;   /*  * Created on 2004-6-24  *  * TODO To change the template for this generated file go to  * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */  /**  * @author P2800  *   * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to Window -  * Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates  */ public class DisplayUI extends Form implements CommandListener {      private HighLevelMIDlet midlet;     private StringItem displayItem;     private Displayable backUI;     public static final Command backCommand = new Command("Back", Command.BACK,             2);      public DisplayUI(HighLevelMIDlet midlet,Displayable backUI)     {         super("Display");         this.midlet = midlet;         this.backUI = backUI;         init();         this.addCommand(backCommand);         this.setCommandListener(this);     }      private void init()     {         displayItem = new StringItem("you input", null);         this.append(displayItem);     }          public void setInput(String input)     {         displayItem.setText(input);     }     /*      * (non-Javadoc)      *       * @see javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener#commandAction(javax.microedition.lcdui.Command,      *      javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable)      */     public void commandAction(Command arg0, Displayable arg1)     {         // TODO Auto-generated method stub         if(arg0 == backCommand)         {             midlet.getDisplay().setCurrent(backUI);         }      }  }  
 
  |