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1.Duplicated Code
Same expression in two methods of the same class: Extract Method
Same expression in two sibling subclass:Extract Method ,then Pull Up Field
Duplicated code in two unrelated classs:Extract Class/The method belongs only in one class and be invoked by the other class.
2.Long Method
A heuristic we follow is that whenever we feel the needd to comment something,we write a method instead(Extract Method).A good technology to identify the clumps of code to extract is to look for comments.Conditionals and loops also give signs for extraction. 3.Large Class
Extract Method 4.Long Parameters List
Replace Parameter with Method, Preserve Whole Object, Introduce Parameter Object. 5.Divergent Change
Extract Class. 6.Shotgun Surgery
Move Method, Move Field, Inline Class,. 7.Feature Envy
Move Method, Extract Method,. 8.Data Clumps
Extract Class, Introduce Parameter Object, Preserve Whole Object 9 Primitive Obseesion 10.Switch Statements
Extract Method 11.Parallel Inheritance Hierarchis 12.Lazy Class 13.Speculative Generality 14.Temporary Field 15.Message Chains 16.Middle Man 17.Inappropriate Intimacy 18.Alternative Classes with Different Interfaces 19.Incomplete Library Class 20.Data Class 21.Refused Bequest
Push Down Method and Push Down Field 22.Comments 
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